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Genotype-by-trait association of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) advanced lines grown under arid and semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe

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Abstract

Inadequate information is available on trait relations and profiles of sorghum genotypes, yet this information is vital for precise decisions to be undertaken in breeding programs. Here, 17 sorghum experimental lines were evaluated together with three checks at five locations, representing the major sorghum production environments in Zimbabwe. Across site analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant genotypic effects on grain yield (GYD) as well as the other traits, including panicle length (PL) and stem diameter (SD). Distance-based clustering indicated the possibility of indirectly selecting for GYD using; SD, exertion (EXSTN), panicle length (PL), panicle width (PW) and number of leaves (NL). In addition, the vector view of the genotype-by-trait (GT) biplot also revealed strong correlations between GYD and, PW, SD and FYD, as well as the other physiological traits including, days to male flowering (DMA) and days to physiological maturity (DPM). Genotypes superior for a combination of traits were, G6, G7, G11, G18 and G20, which were strong for GYD, PL and PW, as well as, G5 which was strong for sugar content (SC), number of leaves (NL) and SD. Genotypes 15, 16 and 17, were specifically strong for GYD whereas, genotypes 4 and 9 were strong for FYD. Overall, results revealed the key traits which can be considered singularly or in combination, when selecting suitable sorghum genotypes, either for feed or food purposes, under arid and semi-arid conditions. This information is vital for decision making in sorghum breeding programs.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the support which they received from the Sorghum and Millets Research Unit of the Crop Breeding Institute, which is under the Department of Research & Specialist Services of Zimbabwe for help in trial management and data collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Breeding Institute, Crops Research Division, Department of Research and Specialist Services, Harare Agricultural Research Centre, Fifth Street Extension, Causeway, P. O. Box CY594, Harare, Zimbabwe

    Olivia Mukondwa, Savemore Ngirazi, Busiso Olga Mavankeni & Dumisani Kutywayo

  2. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, P.O. Box MP 163, Harare, Zimbabwe

    Casper Nyaradzai Kamutando

  3. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural Resource, Midlands State University, Senga, P.O. Box MP 163, Gweru, Zimbabwe

    Pepukai Manjeru

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  1. Olivia Mukondwa
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12892_2020_60_MOESM1_ESM.csv

Turkey HSD mean comparisons for agronomic traits measured in experimental sorghum lines evaluated under arid and semi-arid conditions during the 2018–2019 rainy season in Zimbabwe (CSV 3 kb)

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Mukondwa, O., Manjeru, P., Ngirazi, S. et al. Genotype-by-trait association of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) advanced lines grown under arid and semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 24, 71–81 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-020-00060-7

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