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Frequency properties of acoustic emissions from the dry and saturated rock

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Abstract

Different frequency bands (FBs) of acoustic emission (AE) signals from rock fractures contain diverse information about the physical and mechanical properties of a rock. This study proposes a frequency division processing method for the standard description expressions of discrete signals and for defining the integrated characteristics of AE signals. The frequency evolution of rock fracture-related AEs was investigated under uniaxial loading conditions, and rocks in dry and saturated states were examined and compared using AE information in FBs. The correlation between the water state and FBs of AE signal was addressed. The FB features (e.g., energy concentration) were analyzed, and their changes in water conditions were also considered by focusing on the FBs with the greatest energy concentrations. During rock fracturing, dry and saturated samples developed various shear-tensile damage patterns or “rock bridge” modes. The moisture property of rock affected the peak strength, plastic deformation, and intensity of the rock destruction, and the statistical relationship observed between rise time/amplitude and average frequency showed that the crack characteristics depended on the presence or absence of moisture. The most suitable FB to distinguish the water state was 31.25–62.5 kHz. The parameter ζ (i.e., variable energy coefficient) exhibited a sudden increase in the FB of 0–31.25 kHz. This rapid change was more remarkable than that in the other FBs. This FB should be considered useful for monitoring to help predict the final rupture. The method developed here provides a new way for examining the rock damage characteristics and discovering the fracturing behavior patterns.

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Acknowledgements

This work was work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Young Scientist Funds (No. 51604117, 51804122), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (51574102, 51774138), and Hebei Province Natural Science Fund (No. E2016209357). All these are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Xiangxin Liu

  2. College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China

    Xiangxin Liu, Yanbo Zhang, Xulong Yao & Peng Liang

  3. School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Lixin Wu

  4. School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

    Zhengzhao Liang

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  1. Xiangxin Liu
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  2. Lixin Wu
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  3. Yanbo Zhang
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  4. Zhengzhao Liang
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  5. Xulong Yao
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  6. Peng Liang
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Correspondence to Xiangxin Liu or Lixin Wu.

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Appendices

Appendix 1

See Table 2.

Table 2 Layered FB distribution of the wavelet packet
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Appendix 2

See Table 3.

Table 3 Layer energy spectrum coefficients of gabbro decomposed by the wavelet packet in dry and saturated states
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Appendix 3

See Table 4.

Table 4 Energy amount ratio information of sub-FB under dry and saturated states
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Liu, X., Wu, L., Zhang, Y. et al. Frequency properties of acoustic emissions from the dry and saturated rock. Environ Earth Sci 78, 67 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8058-x

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