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Rock fall susceptibility assessment along a mountainous road: an evaluation of bivariate statistic, analytical hierarchy process and frequency ratio

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Abstract

Few studies have been conducted for susceptibility of rock falls in mountainous areas. In this study, we compare and evaluate rock fall susceptibility mapping using bivariate statistical [weight of evidence (WoE)], analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and frequency ratio (FR) methods along 11 km of a mountainous road in the Salavat Abad saddle in southwestern Kurdistan, Iran. A total of 34 rock fall locations were constructed from various sources. These rock fall locations were then partitioned into a training dataset (70% of the rock fall locations) and a testing dataset (30% of the rock fall locations). Eight conditioning factors affecting on the rock falls including slope angle, aspect, curvature, elevation, distance to road, distance to fault, lithology and land use were identified. The modeling process and rock fall susceptibility mapping has been constructed using three methods. The performance of rock fall susceptibility mapping was evaluated using the area under the curve of success rate curve for training and prediction rate curves (PRC) for testing datasets and also seed cell area index. The results show that the rock fall susceptibility mapping using the WOE method has better prediction accuracy than the AHP and FR methods. Ultimately, the weight-of-evidence method is a promising technique so that it is proposed to manage and mitigate the damages of rock falls in the prone areas.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to the Forests, Range & Watershed Management Organization of Iran (FRWMO) for provide various datasets and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) based on Research University Grant (Q.J130000.2527.12H65) and University of Kurdistan, Iran for their financial supports in this research. Also, the authors would like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers and editor for their helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, P.O.Box 416, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran

    Ataollah Shirzadi & Kamran Chapi

  2. Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Pasdaran Street, Sanandaj, Iran

    Himan Shahabi

  3. Department of Watershed Sciences Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran

    Karim Solaimani & Ataollah Kavian

  4. Department of Geoinformation, Faculty of Geoinformation and Real Estate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia

    Baharin Bin Ahmad

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  1. Ataollah Shirzadi
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  2. Kamran Chapi
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  3. Himan Shahabi
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Correspondence to Himan Shahabi.

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Shirzadi, A., Chapi, K., Shahabi, H. et al. Rock fall susceptibility assessment along a mountainous road: an evaluation of bivariate statistic, analytical hierarchy process and frequency ratio. Environ Earth Sci 76, 152 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6471-6

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