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The relationship between and evolution of surface water and groundwater in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

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Abstract

To improve water management, the relation and the hydrochemical evolution of surface water and groundwater were studied in the Songnen Plain. The surface water and groundwater samples were evaluated for stable isotopes and hydrochemistry analyses. The stable isotopic compositions (δ 18O, δ D) indicate the groundwater recharges from the precipitation. However, the connectivity between surface water and groundwater is weak, because of the clay layer and the interrupted aquifer. The water evolution is from Ca–Mg–HCO3 to Na–HCO3 by the evaporation, water–rock interaction, and ion exchange processes. The water evaporation and leaching of saline–alkaline soil are the main reasons for water salinity. Further, the leaching of salts in the soil during recharging from backwater and irrigation water intensifies the salinization. The relationship between and evolution of surface water and groundwater provide important guidance for water management not only in the arid and semi-arid area, but also in the soda saline–alkali soil regions of the world.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q06-1), the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830636), the Innovation Team Training Plan of the Tianjin Education Committee (TD12-5037) and the Doctoral Found of Tianjin Normal University (52XB1401). We sincerely thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China

    Bing Zhang & Zhong-Liang Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China

    Bing Zhang, Xianfang Song, Yinghua Zhang, Dongmei Han & Lihu Yang

  3. Departments of Environmental Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan

    Changyuan Tang

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  1. Bing Zhang
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  2. Xianfang Song
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  3. Yinghua Zhang
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  4. Dongmei Han
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  5. Changyuan Tang
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  6. Lihu Yang
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  7. Zhong-Liang Wang
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Correspondence to Xianfang Song.

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Zhang, B., Song, X., Zhang, Y. et al. The relationship between and evolution of surface water and groundwater in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. Environ Earth Sci 73, 8333–8343 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3995-x

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