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Hydrochemistry and origins of mineralized waters in the Puebla aquifer system, Mexico

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Abstract

Significant upward movement of mineralized water takes place in the Puebla aquifer system. Preferential groundwater flow paths related to the geological structure and the lowering of the potentiometric surface are suspected to be the prime factors for this intrusion. A combined approach of geochemical and isotope analyses was used to assess the sources of salinity and processes that are controlling the changes in groundwater chemical composition in the Puebla aquifer. Geochemical and isotope data indicate that the likely source of increased solutes is mineralized water from the dissolution of evaporites of the Cretaceous age at the base of the Upper deep aquifer, which is deeper than the intakes of the shallow wells. Dedolomitization and cation exchange seems also to occur along flow paths where sulphate concentrations tend to increase. The deep regional flow paths controls the chemical stratification of groundwater in response to decreased heads through interconnecting vertical and horizontal pathways, such as in the Fosa Atlixco. The results also suggest that high sulphate concentrations originating in the Lower deep aquifer are currently affecting shallow production wells. It is concluded that hydrodynamic aspects together with hydrogeochemical characteristics need to be taken into account to correctly explain the hydrochemical evolution in the stratified aquifer.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express appreciation to CONAGUA and SOAPAP for their support and field assistance through various stages of this research project. The authors are also grateful to students and technicians at CIRA (UAEM) for assisting with collection of field samples. Funding was provided for the project through the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) and the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEM).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering (CIRA), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico

    Jaime Gárfias & N. Arroyo

  2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

    R. Aravena

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  1. Jaime Gárfias
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  2. N. Arroyo
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  3. R. Aravena
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Correspondence to Jaime Gárfias.

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Gárfias, J., Arroyo, N. & Aravena, R. Hydrochemistry and origins of mineralized waters in the Puebla aquifer system, Mexico. Environ Earth Sci 59, 1789–1805 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0161-y

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