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Translation and Validation of Shame and Stigma Scale for Head and Neck Cancer into the Hindi Language

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Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

At advanced stages, treatment procedure of head and neck cancer  often leads to mutilation and evokes shame and stigma in patients. In the present work, we translated and validated the shame and stigma scale into the Hindi language and tested the translated scale in patients of head and neck cancer.

Subject and Methods

The English version of the scale was translated into the Hindi language. A validity and reliability study of the translated scale was carried out by taking 200 patients of head and neck cancer.

Results

For the translated Hindi version of the shame and stigma scale, the content validity score came to be 0.94. Four items of shame and stigma scale were found to have strong criterion validity. In construct validity testing, forwarded scored items in the shame and stigma scale were found to have strong convergent construct validity, and reversed scored items of the scale were found to exhibit strong divergent construct validity. For internal consistent reliability testing, the value of Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.85. For test–retest reliability, the value of Pearson’s correlation coefficient was found to be 0.88. The value of the inter-rater agreement was found to be 0.8.

Conclusions

The translated Hindi version of the shame and stigma scale was found to exhibit strong reliability and validity. The translated scale can be used by the clinician to assess the shame and stigma in Indian patients of head and neck cancer.

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Acknowledgements

Authors highly acknowledged the expert committee for reviewing the present work. The manuscript was proofread by doc navigator©, Chandigarh.

Funding

The work in this research is also supported by the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) provided by ICMR, New Delhi, with Award No. 3/13/JRF—2015/HRD.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Atul Kumar Goyal, Jaimanti Bakshi, Naresh K. Panda & Dharam Vir

  2. Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Center, Punjab, India

    Rakesh Kapoor

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Krishan Kumar

  4. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Pankaj Aneja

  5. Department of Hindi, DAV College, Jalandhar, India

    Balwinder Singh

  6. Department of English and Cultural Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Meenu Gupta

  7. Department of English, DAV College, Chandigarh, India

    Sumittar Singh Walia

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  1. Atul Kumar Goyal
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  2. Jaimanti Bakshi
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  8. Balwinder Singh
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Contributions

JB and DV conceptualized the work, PA and BS did the forward translation, MG and SSW did the reverse translation. RK and NKP helped with the patient recruitment. KS helped in the validity and reliability testing. AKG collected and compiled the raw data, generated the results, and drafted the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atul Kumar Goyal.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

Present study has been approved by the institute ethics committee (Letter No. INT/IEC/2019/002539 with Ref No. NK/5657/PhD). Permission form the copyrighted owner of English version of shame and stigma scale was obtained for translation of the instrument to Hindi language. Permission to use the Hindi version of VHI and EORTC-QLQ-HN35 scale was also obtained from the copyrighted owners. Translation agreement was signed by all the translators. Participant information sheet was provided to all participants, and written consent was taken from every participant.

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Goyal, A.K., Bakshi, J., Panda, N.K. et al. Translation and Validation of Shame and Stigma Scale for Head and Neck Cancer into the Hindi Language. J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-021-01588-z

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