Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger from Agro-Industrial By-Products: Molasses and Chicken Feather Peptone

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Waste and Biomass Valorization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Citric acid is a commercially important organic acid with a wide range of applications. To reduce the cost of producing citric acid, sugar beet molasses and chicken feather peptone (CFP) were used as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively for submerged citric acid biosynthesis using Aspergillus niger. To improve the citric acid production, the parental isolate of A. niger MO-25 was improved by mutation using ethidium bromide. Citric acid production using molasses was significantly affected by CFP concentrations (1–6 g/L). The maximum citric acid concentration was determined at 4 g/L CFP and 168 h. When CFP compared to commercial peptones (casein and bacto), the highest citric acid production was obtained with CFP. Furthermore, the addition of KH2PO4 (0.15 g/L) enhanced citric acid production (68.8 g/L). These results suggested that sugar beet molasses supplemented with CFP as organic nitrogen and mineral salt sources could be utilized for the economical and efficient production of citric acid. This is the first study to investigate the influence of CFP for citric acid production.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Soccol, C.R., Vandenberghe, L.P., Rodrigues, C., Pandey, A.: New perspectives for citric acid production and application. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 44(2), 141–149 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Prado, F.C., Vandenberghe, L.P.S., Woiciechowski, A.L., Rodrígues-León, J.A., Soccol, C.R.: Citric acid production by solid-state fermentation on a semi-pilot scale using different percentages of treated cassava bagasse. Brazilian J. Chem. Eng. 22(4), 547–555 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Dhillon, G.S., Brar, S.K., Verma, M., Tyagi, R.D.: Recent advances in citric acid bio-production and recovery. Food Bioprocess Technol. 4(4), 505–529 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Show, P.L., Oladele, K.O., Siew, Q.Y., Aziz Zakry, F.A., Lan, J.C.W., Ling, T.C.: Overview of citric acid production from Aspergillus niger. Front. Life Sci. 8(3), 271–283 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Max, B., Salgado, J.M., Rodríguez, N., Cortés, S., Converti, A., Domínguez, J.M.: Biotechnological production of citric acid. Brazilian J. Microbiol. 41(4), 862–875 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang, B., Chen, J., Li, H., Sun, F., Li, Y., Shi, G.: Pellet-dispersion strategy to simplify the seed cultivation of Aspergillus niger and optimize citric acid production. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 40(1), 45–53 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhou, P.P., Meng, J., Bao, J.: Fermentative production of high titer citric acid from corn stover feedstock after dry dilute acid pretreatment and biodetoxification. Bioresour. Technol. 224, 563–572 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gueguim-Kana, E.B., Oloke, J.K., Lateef, A., Oyebanji, E.: A.: Comparative evaluation of artificial neural network coupled genetic algorithm and response surface methodology for modeling and optimization of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger MCBN 297. Chem. Eng. Trans. 27, 367–402 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lotfy, W., Ghanem, K., Elhelow, E.: Citric acid production by a novel Aspergillus niger isolate: I. Mutagenesis and cost reduction studies. Bioresour. Technol. 98(18), 3464–3469 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rodrigues, C., de Souza Vandenberghe, L.P., Teodoro, J., Pandey, A., Soccol, C.R.: Improvement on citric acid production in solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger LPB BC mutant using citric pulp. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 158(1), 72–87 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Adeoye, A.O., Lateef, A., Gueguim-Kana, E.B.: Optimization of citric acid production using a mutant strain of Aspergillus niger on cassava peel substrate. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 4(4), 568–574 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Javed, S., Asgher, M., Sheikh, M.A., Nawaz, H.: Strain improvement through uv and chemical mutagenesis for enhanced citric acid production in molasses-based solid state fermentation. Food Biotechnol. 24(2), 165–179 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ali, S., Iqbal, J.: Effect of volume of culture medium on enhanced citric acid productivity by a mutant culture of Aspergillus niger in stirred fermentor. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 36(5), 302–306 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Khurshid, S., Ali, S., Ashraf, H., Qadeer, M.A., Rajoka, M.I.: Mutation of Aspergillus niger for hyperproduction of citric acid from black strap molasses. World J. Microbiol Biotechnol. 17(1), 35–37 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang, B., Li, H., Zhu, L., Tan, F., Li, Y., Zhang, L., Ding, Z., Shi, G.: High-efficient production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger from high concentration of substrate based on the staged-addition glucoamylase strategy. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 40(6), 891–899 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumar, D., Verma, R., Bhalla, T.C.: Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger van. Tieghem MTCC 281 using waste apple pomace as a substrate. J. Food Sci. Technol. 47(4), 458–460 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Rodrigues, C., Vandenberghe, L.P., Sturm, W., Dergint, D.E., Spier, M.R., de Carvalho, J.C., Soccol, C.R.: Effect of forced aeration on citric acid production by Aspergillus sp. mutants in SSF. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 29(12), 2317–2324 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Dhillon, G.S., Brar, S.K., Kaur, S., Verma, M.: Screening of agro-industrial wastes for citric acid bioproduction by Aspergillus niger NRRL 2001 through solid state fermentation. J. Sci. Food Agric. 93(7), 560–1567 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Nakata, H., Tamura, M., Shintani, T., Gomi, K.: Evaluation of baker’s yeast strains exhibiting significant growth on Japanese beet molasses and compound analysis of the molasses types. J. Biosci Bioeng. 117(6), 715–719 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kamarudin, N.B., Sharma, S., Gupta, A., Kee, C.G., Chik, S.M.S.B.T., Gupta, R.: Statistical investigation of extraction parameters of keratin from chicken feather using Design-Expert. 3 Biotech 7(2), 127 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Adelere, I.A., Lateef, A.: Keratinases: emerging trends in production and applications as novel multifunctional biocatalysts. Kuwait J. Sci. 43(3) (2016)

  22. Lateef, A., Oloke, J.K., Gueguim Kana, E.B., Sobowale, B.O., Ajao, S.O., Bello, B.Y.: Keratinolytic activities of a new feather-degrading isolate of Bacillus cereus LAU 08 isolated from Nigerian soil. Int. Bioremediat. Biodegradation 64(2), 162–165 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.12.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Lateef, A., Adelere, I.A., Gueguim-Kana, E.B.: Bacillus safensis LAU 13: a new source of keratinase and its multi-functional biocatalytic applications. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip. 29(1), 54–63 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2014.986360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kurbanoglu, E.B.: Enhancement of citric acid production with ram horn hydrolysate by Aspergillus niger. Bioresour. Technol. 92(1), 97–101 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kurbanoglu, E.B., Kurbanoglu, N.I.: Ram horn peptone as a source of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger, with a process. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 31(6), 289–294 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Pitt, J.I., Hocking, A.D.: Fungi and food spoilage. Springer, New York (2009)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  27. Magnani, M., Fernandes, T., Prete, C.E.C., Homechim, M., Ono, E.Y.S., Vilas-Boas, L.A., Sartori, D., Furlaneto, M.C., Fungaro, M.H.P.: Molecular identification of Aspergillus spp. isolated from coffee beans. Sci. Agric. 62(1), 45–49 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. A.O.A.C.: Official methods of analysis, 13th edn. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, D.C. (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Bidlingmeyer, B.A., Cohen, S.A., Tarvin, T.L.: Rapid analysis of amino acids using pre-column derivatization. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. 336(1), 93–104 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Marier, J.R., Boulet, M.: Direct determination of citric acid in milk with an improved pyridine-acetic anhydride method. J. Dairy Sci. 41(12), 1683–1692 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Miller, G.L.: Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Anal. Chem. 31(3), 426–428 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Fuertes, J.B., Celada, J.D., Carral, J.M., Sáez-Royuela, M., González-Rodríguez, Á: Effects of fishmeal replacement by feather meal in practical diets for juvenile crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana, Astacidae). Aquac. Nutr. 20(1), 36–43 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Pan, L., Ma, X.K., Wang, H.L., Xu, X., Zeng, Z.K., Tian, Q.Y., Zhao, P.F., Zhang, S., Yang, Z.Y., Piao, X.S.: Enzymatic feather meal as an alternative animal protein source in diets for nursery pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 212, 112–121 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Taskin, M., Kurbanoglu, E.B.: Evaluation of waste chicken feathers as peptone source for bacterial growth. J. Appl. Microbiol. 111(4), 826–834 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ozdal, M., Gurkok, S., Ozdal, O.G.: Optimization of rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa OG1 using waste frying oil and chicken feather peptone. 3 Biotech. 7(2), 117 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ozdal, M., Incekara, U., Polat, A., Gur, O., Kurbanoglu, E.B., Tasar, G.E.: Isolation of filamentous fungi associated with two common edible aquatic insects, Hydrophilus piceus and Dytiscus marginalis. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 2(1), 95–105 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Ikram-ul, H., Ali, S., Qadeer, M.A., Iqbal, J.: Citric acid production by selected mutants of Aspergillus niger from cane molasses. Bioresour. Technol. 93(2), 125–130 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Nagavalli, M., Ponamgi, S.P.D., Girijashankar, V., Rao, L.V.: Enhanced rifamycin SV production by submerged fermentation using Amycolatopsis mediterranei. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99(18), 7505–7513 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Koti, S., Govumoni, S.P., Gentela, J., Rao, L.V.: Enhanced bioethanol production from wheat straw hemicellulose by mutant strains of pentose fermenting organisms Pichia stipitis and Candida shehatae. Springerplus 5(1), 1545 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Lesniak, W., Podgorski, W.: Effect of amino acids and vitamins on citric acid biosynthesis. Prog. Biotechnol. 17, 251–256 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ali, S.R., Anwar, Z., Irshad, M., Mukhtar, S., Warraich, N.T.: Bio-synthesis of citric acid from single and co-culture-based fermentation technology using agro-wastes. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 9(1), 57–62 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Lal, D.N., Srivastava, A.S.: Effect of amino acids on microbial production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger. Zentralbl. Mikrobiol. 137(1), 31–35 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Akram, M.: Citric acid cycle and role of its intermediates in metabolism. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 68(3), 475–478 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Bari, M.N., Alam, M.Z., Muyibi, S.A., Jamal, P.: Improvement of production of citric acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches: optimization of media by statistical experimental designs. Bioresour. Technol. 100, 3113–3120 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Pera, L.M., Callieri, D.A.: Influence of calcium on fungal growth and citric acid production during fermentation of a sugarcane molasses-based medium by a strain of Aspergillus niger. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15(5), 647–649 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Haq, I.U., Ali, S., Qadeer, M.A., Iqbal, J.: Effect of copper ions on mould morphology and citric acid productivity by Aspergillus niger using molasses based media. Process Biochem. 37(10), 1085–1090 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Kurbanoglu, E.B., Ozdal, M., Ozdal, O.G., Algur, O.F.: Enhanced production of prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens MO-1 using ram horn peptone. Brazilian J. Microbiol. 46(2), 631–637 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Berovic, M., Rošelj, M., Wondra, M.: Possibilities of redox potential regulation in submerged citric acid bioprocessing on beet molasses substrate. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 38(3), 193–201 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Lotfy, W.A.: Gelatin net hydrolyzate: a novel enhancer for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. Res. J. Microbiol. 5(11), 1131–1137 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Çevrimli, B.S., Yasar, A., Kariptas, E.: Effects of fermentation conditions on citric acid production from beet molasses by Aspergillus niger. Asian J. Chem. 21(4), 3211–3218 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lotfy, W., Ghanem, K., Elhelow, E.: Citric acid production by a novel Aspergillus niger isolate: II. Optimization of process parameters through statistical experimental designs. Bioresour. Technol. 98(18), 3470–3477 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Mostafa, Y.S., Alamri, S.A.: Optimization of date syrup for enhancement of the production of citric acid using immobilized cells of Aspergillus niger. Saudi. J. Biol. Sci. 19(2), 241–246 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Nadeem, A., Syed, Q., Baig, S., Irfan, H., Nadeem, M.: Enhanced production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger M-101 using lower alcohols. Turk. J. Biochem. 35(1), 7–13 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors thank the Ataturk University Scientific Research Project Fund for the financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Murat Ozdal & Esabi Basaran Kurbanoglu

Authors
  1. Murat Ozdal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Esabi Basaran Kurbanoglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Murat Ozdal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ozdal, M., Kurbanoglu, E.B. Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger from Agro-Industrial By-Products: Molasses and Chicken Feather Peptone. Waste Biomass Valor 10, 631–640 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0240-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0240-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation