Abstract
Peroxisomes are versatile cell organelles that exhibit a repertoire of organism and cell-type dependent functions. The presence of oxidases and antioxidant enzymes is a characteristic feature of these organelles. The role of peroxisomes in various cell types in human health and disease is under investigation. Defects in the biogenesis of the organelle and its function lead to severe debilitating disorders. In this manuscript, we discuss the distribution and functions of peroxisomes in the nervous system and especially in the brain cells. The important peroxisomal functions in these cells and their role in the pathology of associated disorders such as neurodegeneration are highlighted in recent studies. Although the cause of the pathogenesis of these disorders is still not clearly understood, emerging evidence supports a crucial role of peroxisomes. In this review, we discuss research highlighting the role of peroxisomes in brain development and its function. We also provide an overview of the major findings in recent years that highlight the role of peroxisome dysfunction in various associated diseases.
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Abbreviations
- ACOX:
-
Acyl CoA oxidase
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
- ALS:
-
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- D-AAO:
-
D-amino acid oxidase
- DBPD:
-
Bifunctional protein
- DHA:
-
Docosahexanoic acid
- DHAPAT:
-
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyl-transferase
- DHCA:
-
Dihydroxycholestanoic acid
- DS:
-
Down syndrome
- EAE:
-
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- LBP:
-
L-bifunctional protein
- MFP:
-
Multifunctional protein
- MS:
-
Multiple sclerosis
- MYOC:
-
Myocilin
- NPC:
-
Niemann-Pick type C
- PBDs:
-
Peroxisome biogenesis disorders
- PD:
-
Parkinson’s disease
- PEDs:
-
Peroxisome enzyme deficiencies
- PHYH:
-
Phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase
- PNS:
-
Peripheral nervous system
- PTS:
-
Peroxisome targeting signal
- PUFA:
-
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
- RCDP:
-
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- THCA:
-
Trihydroxycholestanoic acid
- TM:
-
Trabecular meshwork
- VLCFAs:
-
Very long chain fatty acids
- X-ALD:
-
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
- ZS:
-
Zellweger syndrome
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Our sincere apologies to all our colleagues for any publication not being cited due to space limitation.
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This work was supported by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India [BT/PR25097/NER/95/1013/2017] Grant.
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Deb, R., Joshi, N. & Nagotu, S. Peroxisomes of the Brain: Distribution, Functions, and Associated Diseases. Neurotox Res 39, 986–1006 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-020-00323-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-020-00323-9