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Prevalence of antibodies to Anaplasma in cattle and buffaloes of different organized herds in India

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Abstract

Bovine anaplasmosis is one of the most important tick borne disease in ruminants causing huge economic loss to the dairy industry. A cross-sectional study was carried out to detect serum antibodies to Anaplasma infection in cattle and buffaloes housed in 14 organized herds located at various climatic zones spreading over 9 different states in India. A total of 911 serum samples, collected from 667 cattle and 244 buffaloes, were subjected to a competitive enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay detecting an epitope of major surface protein 5 (MSP5) of Anaplasma. The overall true prevalence was 48.72% (95% CI 45.13–52.32%). The prevalence rate was higher in cattle (51.58%) than buffaloes (40.89%) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Indigenous cattle (59.30%) showed higher seropositivity than crossbreed (57.16%) and exotic cattle breeds (42.28%). Although statistically not significant, female (52.37%) showed higher seropositivity than male (46.43%). Similarly, significant difference in prevalence (p < 0.05) was observed for animals reared in different climatic zones with highest prevalence recorded in arid zone (90.49%) and lowest in semi-arid zone (29.83%). Very wide variation in prevalence (9.95–100%) was recorded between farms. The present study indicates endemicity of Anaplasma in India, similar to other tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. Endemic instability was recorded in some of the studied farms suggesting possibility of outbreak of new clinical cases resulting in economic loss. Therefore, suitable policies and procedures for prevention and control of Anaplasma infection should be adopted in these farms.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the management of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), Anand for providing necessary facilities and funding to carry out this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India

    Laxmi Narayan Sarangi, Amitesh Prasad & Ponnanna Nadikerianda Muthappa

  2. National Dairy Development Board, Anand, Gujarat, 388001, India

    Samir Kumar Rana & Girish Kumar Sharma

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  1. Laxmi Narayan Sarangi
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  2. Samir Kumar Rana
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  3. Amitesh Prasad
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  4. Ponnanna Nadikerianda Muthappa
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  5. Girish Kumar Sharma
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Correspondence to Samir Kumar Rana.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

In this study, serum samples submitted as part of routine disease screening program (Brucellosis and IBR) and stored in the repository of NDDB R&D laboratory, Hyderabad were used. These serum samples were collected by the organized herds as per the standard protocol. The present study does not come under the category of experimental research on animals, therefore, formal ethical approval is not required.

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Sarangi, L.N., Rana, S.K., Prasad, A. et al. Prevalence of antibodies to Anaplasma in cattle and buffaloes of different organized herds in India. J Parasit Dis 45, 359–365 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01312-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01312-7

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