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A critical review of the applicability of serological screening for Leishmaniasis in blood banks in Brazil

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Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by several species of protozoa. It is a major public health concern in its visceral form, accounting annually for 59,000 deaths, and an estimated 12 million infected patients per year. The importance of VL resides not only in its high incidence and wide distribution but also in the possibility of the disease progressing to the severe and lethal forms, especially in children and immunosuppressed individuals, when associated with malnutrition and concomitant infections. This study is a bibliographical review, aiming to understand the sensitivity and specificity parameters of the tests used to detect Leishmaniasis, as well as to understand if there is any relevance in proposing a serological screening for Leishmaniasis in blood banks. In general, we observed that there are currently several types of tests for detecting Leishmaniasis: parasitological, serological and molecular. In such tests, many serological methods and kits are available for the detection of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis, but there is variability in sensitivity and specificity among the methods. The gold standard for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis is the parasitological method, through the aspiration of bone marrow, with higher sensitivity by splenic puncture. Due to the relevance of the disease and the available data from research centers, there is evidence to propose a transfusion serological screening for visceral Leishmaniasis, pointing to the need for further studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil

    Wellington Francisco Rodrigues

  2. Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Niege Silva Mendes

  3. Laboratory of Immunology and Experimental Transplantation, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil

    Patrícia de Carvalho Ribeiro

  4. Nanocell Institute, Divinópolis, Brazil

    Patrícia de Carvalho Ribeiro, Daniel Mendes Filho & Ricardo Cambraia Parreira

  5. Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Daniel Mendes Filho

  6. Biochemistry and Immunology by the Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Ricardo Cambraia Parreira

  7. University Centre of Mineiros (UNIFIMES), Trindade, GO, Brazil

    Ricardo Cambraia Parreira

  8. Health Sciences from the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Karen Cristina Barbosa Chaves

  9. University Centre of Mineiros (UNIFIMES), Rua 22, Setor Aeroporto, Mineiros, GO, 75.830-000, Brazil

    Melissa Carvalho Martins de Abreu & Camila Botelho Miguel

  10. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil

    Camila Botelho Miguel

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  1. Wellington Francisco Rodrigues
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Rodrigues, W.F., Mendes, N.S., de Carvalho Ribeiro, P. et al. A critical review of the applicability of serological screening for Leishmaniasis in blood banks in Brazil. J Parasit Dis 45, 109–117 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01283-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01283-9

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