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Effect of Co2+ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5TiO3 ceramics

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Abstract

Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5Ti1−xCoxO3 lead-free perovskite ceramics (BNKLT−xCo, x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020) were fabricated via the solid-state combustion technique. A small-amount of Co2+ ion substitution into Ti-sites led to modification of the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of BNKLT ceramics. Coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases were observed in all samples using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Rietveld refinement revealed that the rhombohedral phase increased from 39% to 88% when x increased from 0 to 0.020. The average grain size increased when x increased. With increasing x, more oxygen vacancies were generated, leading to asymmetry in the bipolar strain (S−E) hysteresis loops. For the composition of x = 0.010, a high dielectric constant (εm) of 5384 and a large strain (Smax) of 0.23% with the normalized strain (d*33) of 460 pm·V−1 were achieved. The BNKLT−0Co ceramic showed diamagnetic behavior but all of the BNKLT−xCo ceramics exhibited paramagnetic behavior, measured at 50 K.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF) through Naresuan University (R2564B001). The authors wish to thank the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University for their supporting facilities. Thanks are also given to Asst. Prof. Dr. Kyle V. Lopin for his help in editing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand

    Pamornnarumol Bhupaijit, Chonnarong Kaewsai, Surirat Yotthuan & Theerachai Bongkarn

  2. School of Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Technology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand

    Tawat Suriwong

  3. Research Center for Academic Excellence in Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand

    Tawat Suriwong & Theerachai Bongkarn

  4. Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Supree Pinitsoontorn

  5. Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand

    Naratip Vittayakorn

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  1. Pamornnarumol Bhupaijit
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Bhupaijit, P., Kaewsai, C., Suriwong, T. et al. Effect of Co2+ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5TiO3 ceramics. Int J Miner Metall Mater 29, 1798–1808 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2345-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2345-8

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