Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hot-corrosion behavior of Cr2O3-CNT-coated ASTM-SA213-T22 steel in a molten salt environment at 700°C

  • Published:
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present work investigates the hot-corrosion behavior of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced chromium oxide coatings on boiler steel in a molten salt (Na2SO4-60wt%V2O5) environment at 700°C under cyclic conditions. The coatings were deposited via the high-velocity oxygen fuel process. The uncoated and coated steel samples were subjected to hot corrosion in a silicon tube furnace at 700°C for 50 cycles. The kinetics of the corrosion behavior was analyzed through mass-gain measurements after each cycle. The corrosion products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis techniques. The results revealed that uncoated steel suffered spallation of scale because of the formation of nonprotective Fe2O3 scale. The coated steel samples exhibited lower mass gains with better adhesiveness of oxide scale with the steel alloy until the end of exposure. The CNT-reinforced coatings were concluded to provide better corrosion resistance in the hot-corrosion environment because of the uniform dispersion of CNTs in the coating matrix and the formation of protective chromium oxides in the scale.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C.A. Duarte, E. Espejo, and J.C. Martinez, Failure analysis of the wall tubes of a water-tube boiler, Eng. Fail. Anal., 79(2017), p. 704.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. F.F. Alia, T. Kurniawan, Y.P. Asmara, M.H.B. Ani, and A.B.D. Nandiyanto, High temperature oxidation in boiler environment of chromized steel, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 257(2017), art. No. 012086.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. D. Kumar, K.N. Pandey, and D.K. Das, Microstructure studies of air-plasma-spray-deposited CoNiCrAlY coatings before and after thermal cyclic loading for high-temperature application, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 23(2016), No. 8, p. 934.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Q. Ding, X.F. Tang, and Z.G. Yang, Failure analysis on abnormal corrosion of economizer tubes in a waste heat boiler, Eng. Fail. Anal., 73(2017), No. 1, p. 129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Keyvani and M. Bahamirian, Oxidation resistance of Al2O3-nanostructured/CSZ composite compared to conventional CSZ and YSZ thermal barrier coatings, Mater. Res. Express, 3(2016), No. 10, p. 105047.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. T. Dudziak, A. Olbrycht, A. Polkowska, L. Boron, P. Skierski, A. Wypych, A. Ambroziak, and A. Krezel, High temperature coatings from post processing Fe-based chips and Ni-based alloys as a solution for critical raw materials, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 329(2018), art. No. 012010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Loghman-Estarki, R.S. Razavi, H. Edris, S.R. Bakhshi, M. Nejati, and H. Jamali, Comparison of hot corrosion behavior of nanostructured ScYSZ and YSZ thermal barrier coatings, Ceram. Int., 42(2016), No. 6, p. 7432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Aadhavan, S. Bhanuchandar, and K.S. Babu, Surface coating of ceria nanostructures for high-temperature oxidation protection, Mater. Res. Express, 5(2018), No. 4, p. 045025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. K. Goyal, H. Singh, and R. Bhatia, Current status of thermal spray coatings for high temperature corrosion resistance of boiler steel, J. Mater. Metall. Eng., 6(2016), No. 1, p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  10. C.P. Jiang, Y.Z. Xing, F.Y. Zhang, and J.M. Hao, Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Fe/Mo composite amorphous coatings prepared by air plasma spraying, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 19(2012), No. 7, p. 657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Saladi, J. Menghani, and S. Prakash, Hot corrosion behaviour of detonation-gun sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr coating on inconel-718 in molten salt environment at 900°C, Trans. Ind. Inst. Met., 67(2014), No. 5, p. 623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. L.I. Huang, H.M. Meng, L.K. Liang, S. Li, and J.H. Shi, Effects of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of carbon steel coated with LaMgAl11O19 thermal barrier coatings, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 22(2015), No. 10, p. 1050.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. V.P.S. Sidhu, K. Goyal, and R. Goyal, Comparative study of corrosion behaviour of HVOF-coated boiler steel in actual boiler environment of a thermal power plant, J. Aust. Ceram. Soc., 53(2017), No. 2, p. 925.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. P. Bengtsson and T. Johannesson, Characterization of microstructural defects in plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 4(1995), No. 3, p. 245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Fargas, D. Casellas, L. Llanes, and M. Anglada, Thermal shock resistance of yttria-stabilized zirconia with Palmqvist indentation cracks, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 23(2003), No. 1, p. 107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Mohsen, A. Abbas, and K. Akira, Bond coat oxidation and hot corrosion behaviour of plasma sprayed YSZ coating on Ni superalloy, Trans. JWRI, 36(2007), No. 1, p. 41.

    Google Scholar 

  17. T.S. Dong, X.K. Zhou, G.L. Li, L. Liu, and R. Wang, Microstructure and corrosive wear resistance of plasma sprayed Ni-based coatings after TIG remelting, Mater. Res. Express, 5(2018), No. 2, art. No. 026411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. B. Li, Y. Jin, J.H. Yao, Z.H. Li, Q.L. Zhang, and X. Zhang, Influence of laser irradiation on deposition characteristics of cold sprayed Stellite-6 coatings, Opt. Laser Technol., 100(2018), p. 27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Rani, N. Bala, and C.M. Gupta, Characterization and hot corrosion behavior of D-gun sprayed Cr2O3-75% Al2O3 coated ASTM-SA210-A1 boiler steel in molten salt environment, Anti-Corros. Methods Mater., 64(2017), No. 5, p. 515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Saremi, A. Afrasiabi, and A. Kobayashi, Microstructural analysis of YSZ and YSZ/Al2O3 plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings after high temperature oxidation, Surf. Coat. Tehcnol., 202(2008), No. 14, p. 3233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. S. Yugeswaran, C.P. Yoganand, A. Kobayashi, K. Paraskevopoulos, and B. Subramanian, Mechanical properties, electrochemical corrosion and in-vitro bioactivity of yttria stabilized zirconia reinforced hydroxyapatite coatings prepared by gas tunnel type plasma spraying, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 9(2012), p. 22.

    Google Scholar 

  22. S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, 354(1991), No. 6348, p. 56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. E.T. Thostenson, C.Y. Li, and T.W. Chou, Nanocomposites in context, Compos. Sci. Technol., 65(2005), No. 3–4, p. 491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. K.T. Lau, M. Chipara, H.Y. Ling, and D. Hui, On the effective elastic moduli of carbon nanotubes for nanocomposite structures, Composites Part B, 35(2004), No. 2, p. 95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. M. Bocanegra-Bernal, C. Dominguez-Rios, J. Echeberria, A. Reyes-Rojas, A. Garcia-Reyes, and A. Aguilar-Elguezabal, Effect of low-content of carbon nanotubes on the fracture toughness and hardness of carbon nanotube reinforced alumina prepared by sinter, HIP and sinter + HIP routes, Mater. Res. Express, 4(2017), No. 8, art. No. 085004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. C.F. Deng, D.Z. Wang, X.X. Zhang, and A.B. Li, Processing and properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 444(2007), No. 1–2, p. 138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. A.M.K. Esawi, K. Morsi, A. Sayed, M. Taher, and S. Lanka, Effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) content on the mechanical properties of CNT-reinforced aluminium composites, Compos. Sci. Technol., 70(2010), No. 16, p. 2237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Sharma and V. Sharma, Chemical, mechanical, and thermal expansion properties of a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 23(2016), No. 2, p. 222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. I.Y. Kim, J.H. Lee, G.S. Lee, S.H. Baik, Y.J. Kim, and Y.Z. Lee, Friction and wear characteristics of the carbon nanotube-aluminum composites with different manufacturing conditions, Wear, 267(2009), No. 1–4, p. 593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Feng, H.L. Yuan, and M. Zhang, Fabrication and properties of silver-matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes, Mater. Charact., 55(2005), No. 3, p. 211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A.K. Keshri, V. Singh, J. Huang, S. Seal, W. Choi, and A. Agarwal, Intermediate temperature tribological behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced plasma sprayed aluminum oxide coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 204(2010), No. 11, p. 1847.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. K. Balani, S.P. Harimkar, A. Keshri, Y. Chen, N.B. Dahotre, and A. Agarwal, Multiscale wear of plasma-sprayed carbon-nanotube-reinforced aluminum oxide nanocomposite coating, Acta Mater., 56(2008), No. 20, p. 5984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. C.F. Gutierrez-Gonzalez, A. Smirnov, A. Centeno, A. Fernández, B. Alonso, V.G. Rocha, R. Torrecillas, A. Zurutuza, and J.F. Bartolome, Wear behavior of graphene/alumina composite, Ceram. Int., 41(2015), No. 6, p. 7434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. W. Guo and H.Y. Tam, Effects of carbon nanotubes on wear of WC/Co micropunches, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 72(2014), No. 1–4, p. 269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. E. Edward Anand and S. Natarajan, Effect of carbon nanotubes on corrosion and tribological properties of pulse-electrodeposited Co-W composite coatings, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 24(2015), No. 1, p. 128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. K. Goyal, H. Singh, and R. Bhatia, Mechanical and microstructural properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced chromium oxide coated boiler steel, World J. Eng., 15(2018), No. 4, p. 429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. K. Goyal, H. Singh, and R. Bhatia, Experimental investigations of carbon nanotubes reinforcement on properties of ceramic-based composite coating, J. Aust. Ceram. Soc., 3(2018), No. 7, p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  38. K. Goyal, H. Singh, and R. Bhatia, Effect of carbon nanotubes on properties of ceramics based composite coatings, Adv. Eng. Forum, 26(2018), p. 53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. A. Goyal, R. Singh, and G. Singh, Study of high-temperature corrosion behavior of D-gun spray coatings on ASTM-SA213, T-11 steel in molten salt environment, Mater. Today Proc., 4(2017), No. 2, p. 142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. A.K. Keshri and A. Agarwal, Splat morphology of plasma sprayed aluminum oxide reinforced with carbon nanotubes: A comparison between experiments and simulation, Surf. Coat. Technol., 206(2011), No. 2–3, p. 338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. T.M. Butler, J.P. Alfano, R.L. Martens, and M.L. Weaver, High-temperature oxidation behavior of Al-Co-Cr-Ni-(Fe or Si) multicomponent high-entropy alloys, JOM, 67(2015), No. 1, p. 246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. E. Sadeghimeresht, N. Markocsan, T. Hussain, M. Huhtakangas, and S.V. Joshi, Effect of SiO2 dispersion on chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of HVAF-sprayed NiCrMo coating, Corrosion, 74(2018), No. 9, p. 984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. S.K. Singhal, R. Pasricha, M. Jangra, R. Chahal, S. Teotia, and R.B. Mathur, Carbon nanotubes: Amino functionalization and its application in the fabrication of Al-matrix composites, Powder Technol., 215–216(2012), p. 254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. I. Ahmad, M. Unwin, H. Cao, H. Chen, H. Zhao, A. Kennedy, and Y.Q. Zhu, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced Al2O3 nanocomposites: Mechanical properties and interfacial investigations, Compos. Sci. Technol., 70(2010), No. 8, p. 1199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. G.Q. Han, Z.H. Wang, K. Liu, S.B. Li, X. Du, and W.B. Du, Synthesis of CNT-reinforced AZ31 magnesium alloy composites with uniformly distributed CNTs, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 628(2015), No. 1, p. 350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India

    Khushdeep Goyal

  2. Mechanical Engineering Section, Yadavindra College of Engineering, Talwandi Sabo, India

    Hazoor Singh & Rakesh Bhatia

Authors
  1. Khushdeep Goyal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hazoor Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rakesh Bhatia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khushdeep Goyal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Goyal, K., Singh, H. & Bhatia, R. Hot-corrosion behavior of Cr2O3-CNT-coated ASTM-SA213-T22 steel in a molten salt environment at 700°C. Int J Miner Metall Mater 26, 337–344 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1742-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1742-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation