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Effects of Potential Probiotic Enterococcus casseliflavus (EC-001) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

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Abstract

The effects of different levels of dietary Enterococcus casseliflavus (EC-001), as a potential probiotic, were investigated on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters, immune responses, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Accordingly, fish (N = 720; 12.0 ± 0.5 g) were distributed into four treatments receiving different dietary levels of E. casseliflavus, EC-001 (0 [control], 1 × 107, 108, and 109 CFU g−1 feed), for 8 weeks. The fish fed with a diet containing 109 CFU g−1 showed the highest weight gain and specific growth rate, along with the lowest feed conversion ratio, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, and monocytes significantly increased in the fish fed with 1 × 108 and 109 CFU g−1 (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of 1 × 108 and 109 CFU g−1 significantly increased serum total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin content (P < 0.05). Feeding the fish with 1 × 109 CFU g−1 resulted in a significant increase in serum and skin mucus lysozyme activity compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Complement component 3 and skin mucus protease activity were also significantly higher in all the fish treated with dietary E. casseliflavus (EC-001) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The cumulative mortality in the treated fish was lower (ranging from 10 to 22%) than the control group (31%) after challenging the fish with A. hydrophila infection, while the fish fed with E. casseliflavus (EC-001) at 1 × 109 CFU g−1 exhibited the lowest mortality rate (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results revealed the potential probiotic effects of E. casseliflavus (EC-001) for enhancing growth performance, immunity, and disease resistance of common carp.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The assistance from the staff in Fisheries Laboratory (Zakarya Razi Laboratory Complex, Science and Research Branch University, Tehran, Iran) and Abzi Exir Kowsar Company (Tehran, Iran) is greatly appreciated. This work was partially supported by the University of Tehran and the Science and Research Branch of the Islamic Azad University, Tehran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Akbari, Seyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekrabi & Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan

  2. Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Soltani

  3. Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, Australia

    Mehdi Soltani

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Correspondence to Seyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekrabi.

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All the experimental studies included in this work have been conducted according to the standard guidelines for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes, and the procedures were approved (approval number 290) by the Committee of Research and Technology Deputy at Science and Research Branch University (Tehran, Iran) on June 24, 2019.

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Akbari, H., Shekrabi, S.P.H., Soltani, M. et al. Effects of Potential Probiotic Enterococcus casseliflavus (EC-001) on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 13, 1316–1325 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09771-x

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