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Soil suppressiveness by organic amendment to Fusarium disease in cucumber: effect on pathogen and host

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Abstract

Soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt and crown rot disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum in cucumber, develops following the incorporation of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) crop residues, manifested as reduction in disease incidence. We studied mechanisms that might be involved in disease suppression. Exposure of nonamended-nonsuppressive soil to volatile organic compounds generated from wild rocket decomposing in the soil induced soil suppressiveness to Fusarium disease in nonamended soil. Similarly, a crude aqueous soil extract from wild rocket-amended (suppressive) soil induced suppressiveness to Fusarium disease when cucumber seedlings were transplanted into nonsuppressive soil amended with this soil extract. Suppressive soils did not show any effect on F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum macroconidial germination, mycelium growth or new chlamydospore production. Root colonization with Fusarium spp. was suppressed in inoculated plants after 6 days, but not after 3 days. No evidence for induced resistance was found when plants were first grown in suppressive soil followed by inoculation and transplanting in nonsuppressive soil, or when plants were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. Findings suggest that the microorganisms perpetuate the mechanisms of suppressiveness following the introduction of organic amendments, and that this occurs in the root zone.

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Abbreviations

AUDPC:

area under disease progress curve

FORC:

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum

WR:

wild rocket

VOC:

volatile organic compounds

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Acknowledgements

We thank the staff of the Laboratory for Pest Management Research and S. Erez for their technical assistance; Prof. I. Elad and D. Rav-David for their guidance and support throughout the work with foliar pathogens; M. Alpert and YAAF Corporation )Mehola, Israel) for providing fresh herbs; H. Voet for advice in the statistical analysis, and Y. Gotlieb and the staff of the Hebrew University Experimental Farm for their cooperation. This research was partially supported by grants from the Chief Scientist of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development. Contribution No 96/15 series from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Pest Management Research, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel

    Eyal Klein & Abraham Gamliel

  2. Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Rehovot, 76100, Israel

    Eyal Klein & Jaacov Katan

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  1. Eyal Klein
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  2. Jaacov Katan
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Correspondence to Abraham Gamliel.

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Klein, E., Katan, J. & Gamliel, A. Soil suppressiveness by organic amendment to Fusarium disease in cucumber: effect on pathogen and host. Phytoparasitica 44, 239–249 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-016-0512-7

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