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The RNA-binding fragile-X mental retardation protein and its role beyond the brain

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Abstract

It is well-established that variations of a CGG repeat expansion in the gene FMR1, which encodes the fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP), cause the neurocognitive disorder, fragile-X syndrome (FXS). However, multiple observations suggest a general and complex regulatory role of FMRP in processes outside the brain: (1) FMRP is ubiquitously expressed in the body, suggesting it functions in multiple organ systems; (2) patients with FXS can exhibit a physical phenotype that is consistent with an underlying abnormality in connective tissue; (3) different CGG repeat expansion lengths in FMR1 result in different clinical outcomes due to different pathogenic mechanisms; (4) the function of FMRP as an RNA-binding protein suggests it has a general regulatory role. This review details the complex nature of FMRP and the different CGG repeat expansion lengths and the evidence supporting the essential role of the protein in a variety of biological and pathological processes.

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  1. Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Level 4 West, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Cassandra Malecki, Brett D. Hambly, Richmond W. Jeremy & Elizabeth N. Robertson

  2. Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Richmond W. Jeremy & Elizabeth N. Robertson

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Malecki, C., Hambly, B.D., Jeremy, R.W. et al. The RNA-binding fragile-X mental retardation protein and its role beyond the brain. Biophys Rev 12, 903–916 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-020-00730-4

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