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Factor Structure of Decisional Balance and Temptations Scales for Smoking: Cross-Validation in Urban Female African-American Adolescents

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Abstract

Background

The transtheoretical model is an influential theoretical model in health psychology, particularly in its application to smoking cessation research. Decisional Balance (DB) and Temptations are key constructs within this framework.

Purpose

This study examines the psychometric properties of the DB and Temptations scales for smoking in a predominantly African-American sample of urban adolescent girls.

Methods

We used confirmatory factor analysis to compare the fit of previously published factor structures in smokers (n = 233) and nonsmokers (n = 598). External validity was tested by examining stages of change differences in the retained subscales.

Results

Results supported the internal and external validity of the DB scale for smokers and nonsmokers. Notably, previously published three-factor (Social Pros, Coping Pros, Cons) and four-factor (Cons split into “Aesthetic Cons” and “Health Cons”) models fit equally well, with Cons subscales correlating highly. For Temptations, a previously published three-factor (Negative Affect, Social, Weight Control) hierarchical model fit well in nonsmokers. In smokers, previously published subscales were reliably measured, but their structural relationship remained unclear. Stage difference tests showed medium to large effect sizes of DB and Temptation subscales in smokers and nonsmokers.

Conclusions

The use of DB was validated for both smokers and nonsmokers in this sample of primarily African-American adolescent females, where Cons can be combined or separated into “Aesthetic Cons” and “Health Cons” based on practical utility and preference. For Temptations, more research is needed but large stage differences in Temptations subscales underscore the importance of this concept in smoking acquisition and cessation.

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Notes

  1. The two dropped items are the items measuring the “curiosity” subscale of Plummer et al. [23]: “When others are talking about how much they like smoking” and “When I want to know how a cigarette tastes.”

  2. The three dropped items are “While talking and relaxing,” “With friends at a party,” and “When I want to know how a cigarette tastes.”

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants CA63045 and CA50087 from the National Cancer Institute awarded to James O. Prochaska and T32 AA007459 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The authors wish to acknowledge all participating clinic staff, study participants, and the hard work of Deb Barron and Kerry Evers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Bettina B. Hoeppner

  2. Cancer Prevention Research Center, University of Rhode Island, 2 Chafee Road, Kingston, RI, 02881-0808, USA

    Colleen A. Redding, Joseph S. Rossi, James O. Prochaska & Wayne F. Velicer

  3. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA

    Unto E. Pallonen

  4. Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Bettina B. Hoeppner

Authors
  1. Bettina B. Hoeppner
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  2. Colleen A. Redding
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  3. Joseph S. Rossi
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  4. Unto E. Pallonen
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  5. James O. Prochaska
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  6. Wayne F. Velicer
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Correspondence to Bettina B. Hoeppner.

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Hoeppner, B.B., Redding, C.A., Rossi, J.S. et al. Factor Structure of Decisional Balance and Temptations Scales for Smoking: Cross-Validation in Urban Female African-American Adolescents. Int.J. Behav. Med. 19, 217–227 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-011-9145-x

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