Abstract
Substrate and depth are known to be crucial factors in determining the spatial distribution of benthic communities. Herein, we explored if the nature of the substrate, living (i.e., macroalgae) and non-living (i.e., bare rock), may influence the hydroid assemblages of the Tuscany Archipelago (Italy), in relation to the bathymetric gradient. Samples were collected in June 2019 and 2020 in two islands, Montecristo and Giglio. Overall, 16 families (12 Leptothecata and 4 Anthoathecata) and 74 species were identified, with exclusive species observed for each substrate type and depth. The pattern of assemblages’ distribution indicates an interaction between two factors (substrate and depth) also depending on the considered island. The DISTLM-forward analysis revealed that the percentage coverage of several algal taxa significantly explained a part of the observed variation in the hydroid assemblages. This study improves the knowledge of the zoobenthic communities of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park and points out the important role of the living substrate and its variation in the distribution patterns of the hydroids assemblages. In addition, following the Italian legislation and the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, this paper contributes to improve the knowledge of the biodiversity of the Tuscan Archipelago providing a baseline for the biodiversity management of the forthcoming marine protected area.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the diving center Isla Negra (https://www.islanegra.it), for the logistic assistance during samplings, and to the Tuscan Archipelago National Park, for the authorization of sampling activities (permission number 00068010). The authors wish to thank Dr. Dale R. Calder for his valuable advice, and the PADI Foundation for financing through the project 32694. The authors are also thankful to the Reviewers for their precious comments, which undoubtedly help to improve the manuscript.
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Conceptualization: Stefania Puce; Resources: Torcuato Pulido Mantas, Daniela Pica, Camilla Roveta; formal analysis and investigation: Teo Marrocco, Luigi Musco, Fabio Rindi, Camilla Roveta; writing–original draft preparation: Teo Marrocco, Camilla Roveta, Luigi Musco, Stefania Puce; writing–review and editing: Torcuato Pulido Mantas, Luigi Musco, Daniela Pica, Fabio Rindi, Stefania Puce; funding acquisition: Stefania Puce; supervision: Stefania Puce. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Roveta, C., Marrocco, T., Pica, D. et al. The effect of substrate and depth on hydroid assemblages: a comparison between two islands of the Tuscan Archipelago (Tyrrhenian Sea). Mar. Biodivers. 52, 9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01254-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01254-0