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Molecular Imaging of Stem Cells and Exosomes for Myocardial Regeneration

  • Molecular Imaging (J Wu and P Nguyen, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Stem cell therapy is studied for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Despite high expectations, investigation has yielded mixed results. For further advancement of this field, it is essential to understand the fate of the transplanted stem cells in living subjects. A myriad of tools has been developed to allow for the immediate and longitudinal monitoring of stem cells in vivo. In this review, we outline the most reliable techniques and their implications for cardiac regenerative medicine.

Recent Findings

Direct (e.g., PET/SPECT, MRI) and indirect labeling (e.g., reporter gene) techniques have existed for decades prior to their use in stem cell imaging. In this review, we describe some of the key developments in the context of stem cell therapy for cardiac ischemia, including new contrast agents (MRI, SPECT) and novel reporter genes (e.g., near-infrared fluorescent protein). Furthermore, we discuss innovative techniques that integrate direct and indirect labeling, such as PET reporter gene systems. Finally, we examine the potential of exosomes, a component of the stem cell secretome, which has recently garnered much attention for its potential in myocardial regeneration, and how they may be imaged in vivo.

Summary

This review outlines the most reliable techniques for stem cell imaging in cardiac injury animal models, new and notable advancements in the field, and possible directions for cardiac regenerative medicine.

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3115c, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Michelle R. Santoso & Phillip C. Yang

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  1. Michelle R. Santoso
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Santoso, M.R., Yang, P.C. Molecular Imaging of Stem Cells and Exosomes for Myocardial Regeneration. Curr Cardiovasc Imaging Rep 10, 37 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12410-017-9433-1

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