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Consensus Paper: Language and the Cerebellum: an Ongoing Enigma

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Abstract

In less than three decades, the concept “cerebellar neurocognition” has evolved from a mere afterthought to an entirely new and multifaceted area of neuroscientific research. A close interplay between three main strands of contemporary neuroscience induced a substantial modification of the traditional view of the cerebellum as a mere coordinator of autonomic and somatic motor functions. Indeed, the wealth of current evidence derived from detailed neuroanatomical investigations, functional neuroimaging studies with healthy subjects and patients and in-depth neuropsychological assessment of patients with cerebellar disorders shows that the cerebellum has a cardinal role to play in affective regulation, cognitive processing, and linguistic function. Although considerable progress has been made in models of cerebellar function, controversy remains regarding the exact role of the “linguistic cerebellum” in a broad variety of nonmotor language processes. This consensus paper brings together a range of different viewpoints and opinions regarding the contribution of the cerebellum to language function. Recent developments and insights in the nonmotor modulatory role of the cerebellum in language and some related disorders will be discussed. The role of the cerebellum in speech and language perception, in motor speech planning including apraxia of speech, in verbal working memory, in phonological and semantic verbal fluency, in syntax processing, in the dynamics of language production, in reading and in writing will be addressed. In addition, the functional topography of the linguistic cerebellum and the contribution of the deep nuclei to linguistic function will be briefly discussed. As such, a framework for debate and discussion will be offered in this consensus paper.

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Acknowledgments

This study is supported by NIH grants K01 DA0304425 (Dr. Marvel) and R01 AA018694 (Dr. Desmond) and by DFG TI 239/9-1. The editorial assistance of Mrs. Tine D’aes is greatly acknowledged.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, CLIN, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

    Peter Mariën, Elke De Witte & Ellen Wouters

  2. Department of Neurology, ZNA Middelheim General Hospital, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium

    Peter Mariën & Ellen Wouters

  3. Vlaams Academisch Centrum (VLAC), Advanced Studies Institute of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Sciences and the Arts, Brussels, Belgium

    Peter Mariën

  4. Department of General Neurology, Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Herman Ackermann & Ingo Hertrich

  5. Center of Neurologic Rehabilitation, Cognitive Neurophysiology, University of Leipzig, Bennewitz, Germany

    Michael Adamaszek

  6. Centre for Neurogenic Communication Disorders Research, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

    Caroline H. S. Barwood & Bruce E. Murdoch

  7. Department of Psychology, Swansea University and Department of Psychology, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK

    Alan Beaton

  8. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    John Desmond & Cherie Marvel

  9. Centre for Child Research, University of Swansea, Swansea, Wales, UK

    Angela J. Fawcett

  10. Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

    Michael Küper, Markus Thürling & Dagmar Timmann

  11. Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Maria Leggio

  12. I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy

    Maria Leggio & Marco Molinari

  13. Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

    Roderick I. Nicolson

  14. Ataxia Unit, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

    Jeremy D. Schmahmann

  15. Department of Psychology, American University Washington, Washington, USA

    Catherine J. Stoodley

  16. Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group, Clinic for Neuropsychology, City Hospital, Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany

    Wolfram Ziegler

  17. Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany

    Wolfram Ziegler

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  1. Peter Mariën
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  2. Herman Ackermann
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  3. Michael Adamaszek
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  20. Ellen Wouters
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  21. Wolfram Ziegler
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Correspondence to Peter Mariën.

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Mariën, P., Ackermann, H., Adamaszek, M. et al. Consensus Paper: Language and the Cerebellum: an Ongoing Enigma. Cerebellum 13, 386–410 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-013-0540-5

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