Abstract
High temperature is the main factor affecting plant growth and can cause plant growth inhibition and yield reduction. Here, seedlings of two contrasting sesame varieties, i.e., Zheng Taizhi 3 (heat-tolerant) and SP19 (heat-sensitive), were treated at 43 °C for 10 days. The results showed that the relative electrical conductivity, hydrogen peroxide levels, and superoxide anion radical levels of both varieties increased significantly under high temperature stress. Additionally, dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content decreased significantly, and the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased. However, under HT stress, the content of reactive oxygen species in Zheng Taizhi 3 was lower than that in SP19, and the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD as well as the chlorophyll content in Zheng Taizhi 3 were higher than those in SP19. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 6736 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); 5526 DEGs (2878 up and 2648 down) were identified in Zheng Taizhi 3, and 5186 DEGs (2695 up and 2491 down) were identified in SP19, with 3976 overlapping DEGs. These DEGs included stress tolerance-related heat-shock proteins, as well as genes related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism, signal transduction, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, amino acid metabolism, and secondary metabolism. Overall, our results showed that the heat tolerance of Zheng Taizhi 3 was attributed to a stronger antioxidant defense system, enabling the variety to avoid oxidative damage compared with the heat-sensitive SP19. Moreover, some specifically expressed and high-abundance genes in Zheng Taizhi 3 were involved in regulatory mechanisms related to heat tolerance, including plant hormone signal transduction and heat shock protein regulation, thereby enhancing heat tolerance. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying complex molecular mechanisms involved in the responses of sesame seedlings to heat stress and provides a potential strategy for heat-resistant new varieties.
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Abbreviations
- ABF:
-
ABA-responsive element binding factor
- ARFs:
-
Auxin response factors
- COGs:
-
Clusters of Orthologous Groups
- DEGs:
-
Differentially expressed genes
- FDR:
-
False discovery rate
- FPKM:
-
Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million
- GO:
-
Gene Ontology
- GH3:
-
Glycoside hydrolase 3
- HSPs:
-
Heat-shock proteins
- KEGG:
-
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- PP2C:
-
Protein phosphatase 2C
- REC:
-
Relative electrical conductivity
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SRA:
-
Sequence Read Archive
- SRK2:
-
Serine/threonine-protein kinase
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics of Henan Province and the Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains. This research was financially funded by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-14-1-14); the Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province (201300110600); the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M672239); Independent Innovative Project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2021ZC7;2020ZC53). The Key Project of development and extension of Henan Province-Science and technology (222102110084).
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All authors conceived the research. XS, TG and SW performed the experiments. FL, DW and YT prepared all plant materials. TG, YZ and XS analysis all data with the help of HL and FL. TG and XS wrote the manuscript, HL and YZ revised it. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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12298_2022_1195_MOESM1_ESM.jpg
Fig S1. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis of two sesame cultivars with different heat tolerance under high temperature stress (JPG 1576 KB)
12298_2022_1195_MOESM2_ESM.tif
Fig S2. GO enrichment analysis for the common DEGs between the heat-sensitive (S) and heat-tolerant (T) sesame cultivars (TIF 3200 kb)
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Fig S3. KEGG enrichment analysis for the common DEGs between the heat-sensitive (S) and heat-tolerant (T) sesame cultivars (JPG 631 kb)
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Table S2. Summary of DEGs expression of two sesame cultivars with different heat tolerance under high temperature stress (XLS 5359 kb)
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Table S3. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of heat-responsive HSP family encoding genes of two sesame cultivars with different heat tolerance under high temperature stress (XLSX 28 kb)
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Su, X., Gao, T., Zhang, P. et al. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of sesame cultivars with different tolerance responses to heat stress. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 28, 1131–1146 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01195-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-022-01195-3