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Serum Estrogen and its Soluble Receptor Levels in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case–Control Study

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Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder. CML cells contain a BCR-ABL gene, not typically found in normal cells that produce a protein (BCR-ABL) causing CML cells to proliferate. CML occurs in three phases: chronic, accelerated and blast crisis. Disease staging is primarily based on percent of blasts in the blood and bone marrow. Most cases of CML are diagnosed in chronic phase (CP). The major objective in CML clinical management is to prevent progression from chronic to accelerated and blast crisis phases. While earlier treatments, such as cytoreductive chemo- and interferon therapies increased overall survival rates among patients, the advent of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have changed the CML treatment landscape. Despite the widespread use of these therapies, there have also been associated side effects that could potentially affect its use. Also it is necessary to avoid all deaths and complications related to the treatment, by limiting as much as possible the side-effects of the treatment while ensuring the compliance of the patients. The aim of this work was to measure the serum estrogen and its soluble receptor levels in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in order to extrapolate their possible clinical significance. The present study included 40 (20 males and 20 females) healthy volunteers clinically free from any disease, 40 (20 males and 20 females) patients of newly diagnosed CML. Blood samples were collected from all subjects and the level of serum estrogen (E2) and serum soluble estrogen receptor (ER) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of serum E2 (pg/ml) in both male and female patients groups with CML was significantly higher than in control group. The level of serum ER (ng/ml) in both male and female patients groups with CML was significantly lower than in control group. Estimating the serum level of E2 and soluble ER is of informative diagnostic value. Estimation serum level of E2 and soluble ER in patients with CML is of value in deciding use of antiestrogen as therapeutic target in treatment protocol.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank all the patients and their families for participating in this project

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University-Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt

    Samir Ali Abd El-Kaream, Samia Abd El-Moneim Ebied & Khaled Abdel-Haleem Attia

  2. Department of Hematology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University-Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt

    Nadia Aly Sadek

  3. Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Alexandria University-Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt

    Eman Attia Nadwan

Authors
  1. Samir Ali Abd El-Kaream
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  2. Samia Abd El-Moneim Ebied
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  3. Nadia Aly Sadek
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  4. Khaled Abdel-Haleem Attia
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  5. Eman Attia Nadwan
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Contributions

SA, SE, EN and NS designed the research and performed the experiments. SA, KA and EN recruited the patients and processed the samples. All authors analyzed the data, shared in writing the manuscript and read and approved the final version of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Eman Attia Nadwan.

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Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

The authors give thanks to all the study participants. Written consent to inclusion was obtained from all participants and they were informed of the study. The study was conducted after being authorized by the Medical Ethics Committee of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine.

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El-Kaream, S.A.A., Ebied, S.A.EM., Sadek, N.A. et al. Serum Estrogen and its Soluble Receptor Levels in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case–Control Study. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 38, 246–254 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-021-01451-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-021-01451-8

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