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Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 participates in the Crabtree effect and connects fermentative and oxidative metabolism in the Zygomycete Mucor circinelloides

  • Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry
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Abstract

Mucor circinelloides is a dimorphic Zygomycete fungus that produces ethanol under aerobic conditions in the presence of glucose, which indicates that it is a Crabtree-positive fungus. To determine the physiological role of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity elicited under these conditions, we obtained and characterized an allyl alcohol-resistant mutant that was defective in ADH activity, and examined the effect of adh mutation on physiological parameters related to carbon and energy metabolism. Compared to the Adh+ strain R7B, the ADH-defective (Adh-) strain M5 was unable to grow under anaerobic conditions, exhibited a considerable reduction in ethanol production in aerobic cultures when incubated with glucose, had markedly reduced growth capacity in the presence of oxygen when ethanol was the sole carbon source, and exhibited very low levels of NAD+-dependent alcohol de-hydrogenase activity in the cytosolic fraction. Further characterization of the M5 strain showed that it contains a 10-bp deletion that interrupts the coding region of the adhl gene. Complementation with the wild-type allele adh1+ by transformation of M5 remedied all the defects caused by the adh1 mutation. These findings indicate that in M. circinelloides, the product of the adh1 gene mediates the Crabtree effect, and can act as either a fermentative or an oxidative enzyme, depending on the nutritional conditions, thereby participating in the association between fermentative and oxidative metabolism. It was found that the spores of M. circinelloides possess low mRNA levels of the ethanol assimilation genes (adl2 and acs2), which could explain their inability to grow in the alcohol.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants 29078N, 41590, and 167071 from SEP-CONACyT, México. RARP, SPDP, VAC, MIVM, and JMMH each received a fellowship from CONACyT, México. We thank María E. Cardenas for critical reading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., Mexico

    Rosa Angélica Rangel-Porras, Juan Manuel Mendoza-Hernández, Pamela Romo-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Torres-Guzmán, Gloria Angélica González-Hernández & J. Félix Gutiérrez-Corona

  2. Institute of Chemical-Biological Research, Universitary City, Michoacán University, 58030, Morelia, Mich., Mexico

    Sharel P. Díaz-Pérez, Viridiana Alejandre-Castañeda, Marco I. Valle-Maldonado, Jesús Campos-Garcia & Víctor Meza-Carmen

  3. Michoacán State Public Health Laboratory, 58279, Morelia, Mich., Mexico

    Marco I. Valle-Maldonado

  4. Department of Fungal Strain Technology, Novozymes A/S Krogshoevej 36, Bagsvaerd, Denmark

    José Arnau

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  1. Rosa Angélica Rangel-Porras
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Correspondence to J. Félix Gutiérrez-Corona.

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J. Félix Gutiérrez-Corona and Víctor Meza-Carmen were the senior authors.

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Rangel-Porras, R.A., Díaz-Pérez, S.P., Mendoza-Hernández, J.M. et al. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1 participates in the Crabtree effect and connects fermentative and oxidative metabolism in the Zygomycete Mucor circinelloides. J Microbiol. 57, 606–617 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8680-z

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