Skip to main content
Log in

Anomalous anisotropic magnetoresistance in topological insulator films

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Nano Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Topological insulators are insulating in the bulk but possess spin-momentum locked metallic surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry. The existence of these surface states has been confirmed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Detecting these surface states by transport measurements, which might at first appear to be the most direct avenue, was shown to be much more challenging than expected. Here, we report a detailed electronic transport study in high quality Bi2Se3 topological insulator thin films. Interestingly, measurements under an in-plane magnetic field, along and perpendicular to the bias current show anomalous opposite magnetoresistance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Qi, X. L.; Zhang, S. C. The quantum spin Hall effect and topological insulators. Phys. Today 2010, 63, 33–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hasan, M. Z.; Kane, C. L. Colloquium: Topological insulators. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2010, 82, 3045–3067.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Moore, J. E. The birth of topological insulators. Nature 2010, 464, 194–198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Qi, X. L.; Zhang, S. C. Topological insulators and superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2011, 83, 1057–1110.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fu, L.; Kane, C. L.; Mele, E. J. Topological insulators in three dimensions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 106803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fu, L.; Kane, C. L. Topological insulators with inversion symmetry. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 76, 045302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Moore, J. E.; Balents, L. Topological invariants of time-reversal-invariant band structures. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75, 121306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. König, M.; Wiedmann, S.; Brüne, C.; Roth, A.; Buhmann, H.; Molenkamp, L. W.; Qi, X. L.; Zhang, S. C. Quantum spin Hall insulator state in HgTe quantum wells. Science 2007, 318, 766–770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hsieh, D.; Qian, D.; Wray, L.; Xia, Y.; Hor, Y. S.; Cava, R. J.; Hasan, M. Z. A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase. Nature 2008, 452, 970–974.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang, H. J.; Liu, C. X.; Qi, X. L.; Dai, X.; Fang, Z.; Zhang, S. C. Topological insulators in Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 with a single Dirac cone on the surface. Nat. Phys. 2009, 5, 438–442.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Xia, Y.; Qian, D.; Hsieh, D.; Wray, L.; Pal, A.; Lin, H.; Bansil, A.; Grauer, D.; Hor, Y. S.; Cava, R. J.; Hasan, M. Z. Observation of a large-gap topological-insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface. Nat. Phys. 2009, 5, 398–402.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Checkelsky, J. G.; Hor, Y. S.; Liu, M. H.; Qu, D. X.; Cava, R. J.; Ong, N. P. Quantum interference in macroscopic crystals of nonmetallic Bi2Se3. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 103, 246601.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Peng, H. L.; Lai, K. J.; Kong, D.; Meister, S.; Chen, Y. L.; Qi, X. L.; Zhang, S. C.; Shen, Z. X.; Cui, Y. Aharonov-Bohm interference in topological insulator nanoribbons. Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 225–229.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Analytis, J. G.; McDonald, R. D.; Riggs, S. C.; Chu, J. H.; Boebinger, G. S.; Fisher, I. R. Two-dimensional surface state in the quantum limit of a topological insulator. Nat. Phys. 2010, 6, 960–964.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Xiu, F. X.; He, L. A.; Wang, Y.; Cheng, L. N.; Chang, L. T.; Lang, M. R.; Huang, G. A.; Kou, X. F.; Zhou, Y.; Jiang, X. W. et al. Manipulating surface states in topological insulator nanoribbons. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011, 6, 216–221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sacépé, B.; Oostinga, J. B.; Li, J.; Ubaldini, A.; Couto, N. J. G.; Giannini, E.; Morpurgo, A. F. Gate-tuned normal and superconducting transport at the surface of a topological insulator. Nat. Commun. 2011, 2, 575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Steinberg, H.; Gardner, D. R.; Lee, Y. S.; Jarillo-Herrero, P. Surface state transport and ambipolar electric field effect in Bi2Se3 nanodevices. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 5032–5036.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Qu, D. X.; Hor, Y. S.; Xiong, J.; Cava, R. J.; Ong, N. P. Quantum oscillations and Hall anomaly of surface states in the topological insulator Bi2Te3. Science 2010, 329, 821–824.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Qi, X. L.; Hughes, T. L.; Zhang, S. C. Topological field theory of time-reversal invariant insulators. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78, 195424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kena-Cohen, S.; Davanco, M.; Forrest, S. R. Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic single crystal microcavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 116401.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bianchi, M.; Guan, D. D.; Bao, S. N.; Mi, J. L.; Iversen, B. B.; King, P. D. C.; Hofmann, P. Coexistence of the topological state and a two-dimensional electron gas on the surface of Bi2Se3. Nat. Commun. 2010, 1, 128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tang, H.; Liang, D.; Qiu, R. L. J.; Gao, X. P. A. Two-dimensional transport induced linear magneto-resistance in topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanoribbons. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 7510–7516.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang, H. B.; Yu, H. L.; Bao, D. H.; Li, S. W.; Wang, C. X.; Yang, G. W. Magnetoresistance switch effect of a Sn-doped Bi2Te3 topological insulator. Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 132–136.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, J.; Chang, C. Z.; Li, H. D.; He, K.; Zhang, D. M.; Singh, M.; Ma, X. C.; Samarth, N.; Xie, M. H.; Xue, Q. K.; Chan, M. H. W. Interplay between topological insulators and superconductors. Phys. Rev. B 2012, 85, 045415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang, G. H.; Qin, H. J.; Teng, J.; Guo, J. D.; Guo, Q. L.; Dai, X.; Fang, Z.; Wu, K. H. Quintuple-layer epitaxy of thin films of topological insulator Bi2Se3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95, 053114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang, Y.; He, K.; Chang, C. Z.; Song, C. L.; Wang, L. L.; Chen, X.; Jia, J. F.; Fang, Z.; Dai, X.; Shan, W. Y. et al. Crossover of the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 to the two-dimensional limit. Nat. Phys. 2010, 6, 584–588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Li, H. D.; Wang, Z. Y.; Kan, X.; Guo, X.; He, H. T.; Wang, Z.; Wang, J. N.; Wong, T. L.; Wang, N.; Xie, M. H. The van der Waals epitaxy of Bi2Se3 on the vicinal Si(111) surface: An approach for preparing high-quality thin films of a topological insulator. New J. Phys. 2010, 12, 103038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Richardella, A.; Zhang, D. M.; Lee, J. S.; Koser, A.; Rench, D. W.; Yeats, A. L.; Buckley, B. B.; Awschalom, D. D.; Samarth, N. Coherent heteroepitaxy of Bi2Se3 on GaAs (111) B. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 262104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Chang, C. Z.; He, K.; Liu, M. H.; Zhang, Z. C.; Chen, X.; Wang, L. L.; Ma, X. C.; Wang, Y. Y.; Xue, Q. K. Growth of quantum well films of topological insulator Bi2Se3 on insulating substrate. SPIN 2011, 1, 21–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chen, J.; Qin, H. J.; Yang, F.; Liu, J.; Guan, T.; Qu, F. M.; Zhang, G. H.; Shi, J. R.; Xie, X. C.; Yang, C. L. et al. Gate-voltage control of chemical potential and weak antilocalization in Bi2Se3. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105, 176602.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hirahara, T.; Sakamoto, Y.; Takeichi, Y.; Miyazaki, H.; Kimura, S.; Matsuda, I.; Kakizaki, A.; Hasegawa, S. Anomalous transport in an n-type topological insulator ultrathin Bi2Se3 film. Phys. Rev. B 2010, 82, 155309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang, J.; DaSilva, A. M.; Chang, C. Z.; He, K.; Jain, J. K.; Samarth, N.; Ma, X. C.; Xue, Q. K.; Chan, M. H. W. Evidence for electron-electron interaction in topological insulator thin films. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83, 245438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. He, H. T.; Wang, G.; Zhang, T.; Sou, I. K.; Wong, G. K. L.; Wang, J. N.; Lu, H. Z.; Shen, S. Q.; Zhang, F. C. Impurity effect on weak antilocalization in the topological insulator Bi2Te3. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 106, 166805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Liu, M. H.; Chang, C. Z.; Zhang, Z. C.; Zhang, Y.; Ruan, W.; He, K.; Wang, L. L.; Chen, X.; Jia, J. F.; Zhang, S. C. et al. Electron interaction-driven insulating ground state in Bi2Se3 topological insulators in the two-dimensional limit. Phys. Rev. B 2011, 83, 165440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Wang, G.; Zhu, X. G.; Sun, Y. Y.; Li, Y. Y.; Zhang, T.; Wen, J.; Chen, X.; He, K.; Wang, L. L.; Ma, X. C. et al. Topological insulator thin films of Bi2Te3 with controlled electronic structure. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 2929–2932.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chen, X.; Ma, X. C.; He, K.; Jia, J. F.; Xue, Q. K. Molecular beam epitaxial growth of topological insulators. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 1162–1165.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Li, Y. Y.; Wang, G. A.; Zhu, X. G.; Liu, M. H.; Ye, C.; Chen, X.; Wang, Y. Y.; He, K.; Wang, L. L.; Ma, X. C. et al. Intrinsic topological insulator Bi2Te3 thin films on Si and their thickness limit. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 4002–4007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kong, D. S.; Randel, J. C.; Peng, H. L.; Cha, J. J.; Meister, S.; Lai, K. J.; Chen, Y. L.; Shen, Z. X.; Manoharan, H. C.; Cui, Y. Topological insulator nanowires and nanoribbons. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 329–333.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ishida, S.; Takeda, K.; Okamoto, A.; Shibasaki, I. Classical in-plane negative magnetoresistance and quantum positive magnetoresistance in undoped InSb thin films on GaAs (100) substrates. Physica E 2004, 20, 255–259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Fu, L. Hexagonal warping effects in the surface states of the topological insulator Bi2Te3. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 103, 266801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Moses H. W. Chan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, J., Li, H., Chang, C. et al. Anomalous anisotropic magnetoresistance in topological insulator films. Nano Res. 5, 739–746 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-012-0260-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-012-0260-z

Keywords

Navigation