Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising cancer therapeutics with minimal toxicity as compared to small cytotoxic molecules alone and have shown the evidence to overcome resistance against tumor and prevent relapse of cancer. The ADC has a potential to change the paradigm of cancer chemotherapeutic treatment. At present, 13 ADCs have been approved by USFDA for the treatment of various types of solid tumor and haematological malignancies. This review covers the three structural components of an ADC—antibody, linker, and cytotoxic payload—along with their respective structure, chemistry, mechanism of action, and influence on the activity of ADCs. It covers comprehensive insight on structural role of linker towards efficacy, stability & toxicity of ADCs, different types of linkers & various conjugation techniques. A brief overview of various analytical techniques used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ADC is summarized. The current challenges of ADCs, such as heterogeneity, bystander effect, protein aggregation, inefficient internalization or poor penetration into tumor cells, narrow therapeutic index, emergence of resistance, etc., are outlined along with recent advances and future opportunities for the development of more promising next-generation ADCs.
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Acknowledgements
Authors, Ritwik Maiti, Bhumika Patel and Nrupesh Patel are thankful to Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India for providing resourceful support to carry out literature review for the present work. The efforts of author, Dr. NIrav Dhanesha for this publication were supported by grants from the NHLBI/NIH (R01HL15854601), and by the Career Development Award (20CDA3560123) from American Heart Association.
Funding
This work is supported by the National Institute of Health, NHLBI/NIH (R01HL15854601), and American Heart Association, Career Development Award (20CDA3560123) to Nirav Dhanesha
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Maiti, R., Patel, B., Patel, N. et al. Antibody drug conjugates as targeted cancer therapy: past development, present challenges and future opportunities. Arch. Pharm. Res. 46, 361–388 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-023-01447-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-023-01447-0