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In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of constituents of the mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.

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Abstract

This study performed phytochemical and bioactive assessments of the mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. leaves. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts led to the identification of thirty-six compounds (1–36), their structures were elucidated using detailed NMR spectroscopic and MS analysis. The extracts, fractions, and the isolated compounds were screened for potential antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Antioxidant assays were performed using peroxyl radical-scavenging and reducing assays, whereas cytotoxicity was measured using MTT assays in HL-60 and Hel-299 cell lines. The methanolic extract, CH2Cl2 and n-BuOH fractions (10.0 μg/mL) exhibited potent antioxidant activity, with Trolox equivalent (TE) values of 24.94 ± 0.59, 28.34 ± 0.20, and 27.09 ± 0.37 (μM), respectively. In addition, the isolated compounds exerted cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner; compounds 1 and 14 exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells, with IC50 values of 0.15 ± 0.29 and 0.60 ± 0.16 μM, respectively. To clarify the mechanism(s) behind these cytotoxic effects, we measured the time-dependent changes in apoptotic markers including the condensation and fragmentation of nuclear chromatin, and the downregulation of p-ERK1/2, p-AKT, and c-Myc levels.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (Code: VAST.ĐTCB 02/13-14), and the Priority Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (2009-0093815), Republic of Korea.

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea

    Nguyen Phuong Thao, Bui Thi Thuy Luyen & Young Ho Kim

  2. Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Nguyen Phuong Thao, Bui Thi Thuy Luyen, Chau Ngoc Diep, Bui Huu Tai, Nguyen Van Thanh, Nguyen Xuan Cuong, Nguyen Hoai Nam & Chau Van Minh

  3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea

    Eun Ji Kim & Hee Kyoung Kang

  4. Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, 305-811, Republic of Korea

    Sang Hyun Lee & Hae Dong Jang

  5. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), VAST, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Nguyen The Cuong

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  1. Nguyen Phuong Thao
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Correspondence to Chau Van Minh or Young Ho Kim.

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Thao, N.P., Luyen, B.T.T., Diep, C.N. et al. In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of constituents of the mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.. Arch. Pharm. Res. 38, 446–455 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-014-0429-y

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