Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Potato Common Scab: a Review of the Causal Pathogens, Management Practices, Varietal Resistance Screening Methods, and Host Resistance

  • INVITED REVIEW
  • Published:
American Journal of Potato Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Potato common scab is a widespread disease in which scab-like lesions develop on tubers. The disease is caused by pathogenic Streptomyces species, which synthesize the phytotoxin thaxtomin. The txtAB operon, responsible for thaxtomin production, can be used as a marker to identify pathogenic strains of the bacterium. Screening methods to assess scab susceptibility in breeding programs are time-consuming and can produce variable results. Management practices to control the disease vary and include crop rotation, tolerant varieties, monitoring soil pH, avoiding low soil moisture at tuber initiation, and application of soil- and/or seed-applied pesticides. There is a wide range in levels of tolerance among potato varieties. Many public research programs are committed to breeding for scab-tolerant varieties and evaluating management methods. Topics reviewed target readers focused on breeding and disease management objectives to reduce the incidence and severity of potato common scab.

Resumen

La roña común de la papa es una enfermedad ampliamente distribuida, que desarrolla lesiones tipo pústulas en los tubérculos. La enfermedad es causada por especies patogénicas de Streptomyces, que sintetizan la fitotoxina thaxtomin. El operón txtAB, responsable de la producción de thaxtomin, puede usarse como marcador para identificar variantes patogénicas de la bacteria. Los métodos de análisis para evaluar la susceptibilidad a la roña en los programas de mejoramiento se llevan mucho tiempo y pueden producir resultados variables. Las prácticas de manejo para controlar la enfermedad varían, e incluyen rotación de cultivos, variedades tolerantes, monitoreo del pH del suelo, evitando baja humedad en el suelo al principio de la tuberización, y la aplicación de plaguicidas al suelo y/o a la semilla. Existe una gran amplitud de niveles de tolerancia entre las variedades de papa. Muchos programas públicos de investigación están comprometidos al mejoramiento para variedades tolerantes a la roña y en la evaluación de métodos de manejo. Los tópicos revisados conducen a lectores enfocados en objetivos de mejoramiento y manejo de la enfermedad para reducir la incidencia y la severidad de la roña común de la papa.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acuna, I.A., G.A. Strobel, B.L. Jacobsen, and D.L. Corsini. 2001. Glucosylation as a mechanism of resistance to thaxtomin a in potatoes. Plant Science 161: 77–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, M.J. 1975. Potato tuber lenticels: development and structure. Annals of Applied Biology 79: 265–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant pathology. 4th ed. London: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alam, Z. 1972. Inheritance of scab resistance in 24-chromosome potatoes. Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 58 pp.

  • Al-Mughrabi, K.I., A. Vikram, R. Poirier, K. Jayasuriya, and G. Moreau. 2016. Management of common scab of potato in the field using biopesticides, fungicides, soil additives, or soil fumigants. Biocontrol Science and Technology 26: 125–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Archuleta, J.G., and G.D. Easton. 1981. The cause of deep-pitted scab of potatoes. American Potato Journal. 58: 385–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atiq M., A.R. Khalid, W. Hussain, A. Nawaz, S. Asad, and T.M. Ahmad. 2013. Genetic potential of potato germplasm against common scab disease caused by Streptomyces scabies. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 25: 27–30.

  • Babcock, M., E. Eckwall, and J. Schottel. 1993. Production and regulation of potato-scab-inducing phytotoxins by Streptomyces scabies. Journal of General Microbiology 139: 1579–1586.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barry, S., J. Kers, E. Johnson, L. Song, P. Aston, B. Patel, S. Krasnoff, B. Crane, D. Gibson, R. Loria, and G. Challis. 2012. Cytochrome P450-catalyzed L-tryptophan nitration in thaxtomin phytotoxin biosynthesis. Nature Chemical Biology 8: 814–816.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Beauséjour, J., C. Goyer, J. Vachon, and C. Beaulieu. 1999. Production of thaxtomin a by Streptomyces scabies strains in plant extract containing media. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45: 764–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bischoff, V., S.J. Cookson, S. Wu, and W.-R. Scheible. 2009. Thaxtomin a affects CESA-complex density, expression of cell wall genes, cell wall composition, and causes ectopic lignification in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Journal of Experimental Botany 60: 955–965.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bizimungu, B., D.G. Holm, L.M. Kawchuk, M. Konschuh, C. Schaupmeyer, J. Wahab, D. Waterer, D. Driedger, H. Wolfe, P. McAllister, R. Howard, H.W. Platt, and D.R. Lynch. 2011. Alta crown: a new russet potato cultivar with resistance to common scab and a low incidence of tubers deformities. American Journal of Potato Research 88: 72–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjor, T., and L. Roer. 1980. Testing the resistance of potato varieties to common scab. Potato Research 23: 33–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boucheck-Mechiche, K., L. Gardan, P. Normand, and B. Jouan. 2000a. DNA relatedness among strains of Streptomyces pathogenic to potato in France: description of three new species, S. europaeiscabiei sp. nov. and S. stelliscabiei sp. nov. associated with common scab, and S. reticuliscabiei sp. nov. associated with netted scab. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50: 91–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boucheck-Mechiche, K., C. Pasco, D. Andrivon, and B. Jouan. 2000b. Differences in host range, pathogenicity to potato cultivars and response to soil temperature among Streptomyces species causing common and netted scab in France. Plant Pathology 49: 3–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, J., L. Kinkel, and R. Jones. 1996. Influence of disease-suppressive strains of Streptomyces on the native streptomyces community in soil as determined by the analysis of cellular fatty acids. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42: 27–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bradshaw, J., C. Hackett, and B. Pande. 2008. QTL mapping of yield, agronomic and quality traits in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 116: 193–211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, S. 2013. Quantitative trait loci analysis and breeding for resistance to common scab in potato. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 133 pp.

  • Bukhalid, R., and R. Loria. 1997. Cloning and expression of a gene from Streptomyces scabies encoding a putative pathogenicity factor. Journal of Bacteriology 179: 7776–7783.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bukhalid, R., S. Chung, and R. Loria. 1998. Nec1, a gene conferring a necrogenic phenotype, is conserved in plant-pathogenic Streptomyces spp. and linked to a transposase pseudogene. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 11: 960–967.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caligari, P.D.S., and R. Wastie. 1985. Assessment of a glasshouse test for measuring the resistance of potato cultivars to common scab. Potato Research 28: 379–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camadro, E. 2010. Characterization of the natural genetic diversity of Argentinean potato species and manipulations for its effective use in breeding. The Americas Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology 3: 65–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cipar, M.S., and C. Lawrence. 1972. Scab resistance of haploids from two Solanum tuberosum cultivars. American Potato Journal 49: 117–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conn, K.L., E. Leci, G. Kritzman, and G. Lazarovits. 1998. A quantitative method for determining soil populations of Streptomyces and differentiating potential potato scab-inducing strains. Plant Disease 82: 631–638.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darling, H. 1937. A study of scab-resistance in the potato. Journal of Agricultural Research 54: 305–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J.R., G.M. McMaster, R.H. Callihan, F.H. Nissley, and J.J. Pavek. 1976. Influence of soil moisture and fungicide treatments on common scab and mineral content of potatoes. Phytopathology 66: 228–233.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Jong, W.S., E.H. Donald, B.B. Brodie, K.L. Perry, J.B. Sieczka, B.J. Christ, G.A. Porter, K.M. Paddock, M.W. Peck, and R.L. Plaisted. 2006. Marcy: a chipping variety with resistance to common scab and the golden nematode. American Journal of Potato Research 83: 189–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Maine, M.J., C.P. Carroll, H.E. Stewart, R.M. Solomon, and R.L. Wastie. 1993. Disease resistance in Solanum phureja and diploid and tetraploid S. tuberosum x S. phureja hybrids. Potato Research 36: 21–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dees, M.M.W., and L.L.A. Wanner. 2012. In search of better management of potato common scab. Potato Research 55: 249–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dees, M., P. Somervuo, E. Lysoe, M. Aittamaa, and J. Valkpnen. 2012. Species identification and microarray-based comparative genome analysis of Streptomyces species isolated from potato scab lesions in Norway. Molecular Plant Pathology 13: 174–186.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dees, M., A. Sletten, and A. Hermansen. 2013. Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces species from potato common scab lesions in Norway. Plant Pathology 62: 217–225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dees, M., E. Lysøe, M. Alsheikh, J. Davik, and M.B. Brurberg. 2016. Resistance to Streptomyces turgidiscabies in potato involves an early and sustained transcriptional reprogramming at initial stages of tuber formation. Molecular Plant Pathology 17: 703–713.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dionne, L.A., and C.H. Lawrence. 1961. Early scab resistant derivatives of Solanum chacoense x Solanum phureja. American Potato Journal 38: 6–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douches, D.S., K. Jastrzebski, J. Coombs, R.W. Chase, R. Hammerschmidt, and W.W. Kirk. 2001. Liberator: a round white chip-processing variety with resistance to scab. American Journal of Potato Research 78: 425–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douches, D., J. Coombs, R. Hammerschmidt, W. Kirk, and C. Long. 2009. Kalkaska: a round white chip-processing potato variety with common scab resistance. American Journal of Potato Research 86: 347–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll, J., J. Coombs, R. Hammerschmidt, W. Kirk, L. Wanner, and D. Douches. 2009. Greenhouse and field nursery evaluation for potato common scab tolerance in a tetraploid population. American Journal of Potato Research 86: 96–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duval, I., V. Brochu, M. Simard, C. Beaulieu, and N. Beaudoin. 2005. Thaxtomin a induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells. Planta 222: 820–831.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Errakhi, R., A. Dauphin, P. Meimoun, A. Lehner, D. Reboutier, P. Vatsa, J. Briand, K. Madiona, J.P. Rona, M. Barakate, D. Wendehenne, C. Beaulieu, and F. Bouteau. 2008. An early Ca2+ influx is a prerequisite to thaxtomin A-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Journal of Experimental Botany. 59: 4259–4270.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faucher, E., T. Savard, and C. Beulie. 1992. Characterization of actinomycetes isolated from common scab lesions on potato tubers. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 14: 197–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flores-Gonzalez, R., I. Velasco, and F. Montes. 2008. Detection and characterization of Streptomyces causing potato common scab in Western Europe. Plant Pathology 57: 162–169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fry, B., and R. Loria. 2002. Thaxtomin a: evidence for a plant cell wall target. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 60: 1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goth, R., H. KG, and D. Wilson. 1993. Evaluation and characterization of advanced potato breeding clones for resistance to scab by cluster analysis. Plant Disease 77: 911–914.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goyer, C., and C. Beaulieu. 1997. Host range of Streptomyces strains causing common scab. Plant Disease 81: 901–904.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goyer, C., B. Otrysko, and C. Beaulieu. 1996. Taxonomic studies on Streptomycetes causing potato common scab: a review. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 18: 107–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groza, H.I., B.D. Bowan, D. Kichefski, S.J. Peloquin, W.R. Stevenson, A.J. Bussan, and J. Jiang. 2005. Millenium Russet : A dual purpose russet potato variety. American Journal of Potato Research 82: 211–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groza, H.I., B.D. Bowen, A.J. Bussan, W.R. Stevenson, F. Navarro, D. Kichefski, S.J. Peloquin, J. Palta, and J. Jiang. 2007. Megachip: a new potato variety for chipping. American Journal of Potato Research 84: 343–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groza, H.I., B.D. Bowen, A.J. Bussan, F.M. Navarro, W.R. Stevenson, J.P. Palta, and J. Jiang. 2009. Freedom russet: a dual purpose russet potato cultivar with resistance to common scab and good fry quality. American Journal of Potato Research 86: 406–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gudmestad, N. 2008. Potato health from sprouting to harvest. In Potato health management, ed. D. Johnson, 2nd ed., 67–77. St. Paul: APS Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gullino, M., F. Tinivella, A. Garibalida, G. Kemmit, L. Bacci, and B. Sheppard. 2010. Mancozeb past, present, and future. Plant Disease 94: 1076–1087.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, L., P. Dutilleul, S. Prahser, C. Beaulieu, and D. Smith. 2008. Assessment of common scab-inducing pathogen effects on potato underground organs via computed tomography scanning. Phytopathology 98: 1118–1125.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanneman, R.E. Jr. 1989. The potato germplasm resource. American Potato Journal. 66: 655–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hao, J., Q. Meng, J. Yin, and W. Kirk. 2009. Characterization of new Streptomyces strain, SD3024, that causes potato common scab. Plant Disease 93: 1329–1334.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, K.R., R.J. Young, and R. Goth. 1997. Genotype x environment interactions for resistance to common scab in tetraploid potato. Crop Science 37: 1163–1167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, K., B. Christ, C. Burkhart, and B. Vinyard. 2009. Heritability of resistance to common scab in diploid potatoes. American Journal of Potato Research 81: 165–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes, K.G., L.A. Wanner, C.A. Thill, J.M. Bradeen, J. Miller, R.G. Novy, J.L. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, and B.T. Vinyard. 2010. Common scab trials of potato varieties and advanced selections at three U.S. locations. American Journal of Potato Research 87: 261–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Healy, F., R. Bukhalid, and R. Loria. 1999. Characterization of an insertion sequence element associated with genetically diverse plant pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Journal of Bacteriology 181: 1592–1568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Healy, F.G., M. Wach, S.B. Krasnoff, D.M. Gibson, and R. Loria. 2000. The txtAB genes of the plant pathogen Streptomyces acidiscabies encode a peptide synthetase required for phytotoxin thaxtomin a production and pathogenicity. Molecular Microbiology 38: 794–804.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Healy, F., S. Krasnoff, M. Wach, D. Gibson, and R. Loria. 2002. Involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in thaxtomin a biosynthesis by Streptomyces acidiscabies. Journal of Bacteriology 187: 2019–2029.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiltunen, L., T. Ojanpera, H. Kortemaa, E. Richter, M. Lehtonen, and J. Valkonen. 2008. Interactions and biocontrol of pathogenic Streptomyces strains co-occuring in potato scab lesions. Journal of Applied Microbiology 106: 199–212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiltunen, L., M. Alanen, I. Laakso, A. Kangas, E. Virtanen, and J. Valkonen. 2011. Elimination of common scab sensitivity progeny from a potato breeding population using thaxtomin a as a selective agent. Plant Pathology 60: 426–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooker, W. 1949. Parasitic action of Streptomyces scabies on roots of seedings. Phytopathology 39: 449–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosaka, K., H. Matsunaga, and K. Senda. 2000. Evaluation of several wild tuber-bearing Solanum species for scab resistance. American Journal of Potato Research 77: 41–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansky, S.H., and D.I. Rouse. 2003. Multiple disease resistance in interspecific hybrids of potato. Plant Disease 87: 266–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansky, S.H., A.O. Charkowski, D.S. Douches, G. Gusmini, C. Richael, C. Paul, D.M. Spooner, R.G. Novy, H. De Jong, W.S. De Jong, J.B. Bamberg, L. Thompson, B. Bizimungu, D.G. Holm, C.R. Brown, K.G. Haynes, R. Vidyasagar, R.E. Veilleux, J.C. Miller, J.M. Bradeen, and J.M. Jiang. 2016. Reinventing potato as a diploid inbred line–based crop. Crop Science 11: 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, M., X. Rong, S. Moll, J. Kers, C. Franco, and R. Loria. 2007. Streptomyces turgidiscabies secretes a novel virulence protein, Nec1, which facilitates infection. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 20: 599–608.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaup, O., I. Gräfen, E.-M. Zellermann, R. Eichenlaub, and K.-H. Gartemann. 2005. Identification of a tomatinase in the tomato-pathogenic actinomycete Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB382. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 18: 1090–1098.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keinanth, A., and R. Loria. 1991. Effects of inoculum density and cultivar resistance on common scab of potato and population dynamics of Streptomyces scabies. American Jornal of Potato Research 68: 515–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kers, J., K. Cameron, M. Joshi, R. Bukhalid, J. Morello, M. Wach, D. Gibson, and R. Loria. 2004. Nitration of a peptide phytotoxin by bacterial nitric oxide synthase. Nature 429: 79–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kers, J.A., K.D. Cameron, M.V. Joshi, R.A. Bukhalid, J.E. Morello, M.J. Wach, D.M. Gibson, and R. Loria. 2005. A large, mobile pathogenicity island confers plant pathogenicity on Streptomyces species. Molecular Microbiology 55: 1025–1033.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khatri, B., R. Tegg, P. Brown, and C. Wilson. 2010. Infection of potato tubers with the common scab pathogen Streptomyces scabiei in a soil-less system. Journal of Phytopathology 158: 453–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khatri, B.B., R.S. Tegg, P.H. Brown, and C.R. Wilson. 2011. Temporal association of potato tuber development with susceptibility to common scab and Streptomyces scabiei-induced responses in the potato periderm. Plant Pathology 60: 776–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y., J. Cho, D. Park, H. Lee, J. Kim, S. Seo, K. Shin, J. Hur, and C. Lim. 1999. Production of thaxtomin a by Korean isolates of Streptomyces turgidiscabies and their involvement in pathogenicity. Plant Pathology 15: 168–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, R., and L. Calhoun. 2009. The thaxtomin phytotoxins: sources, synthesis, biosynthesis, biotransformation and biological activity. Phytochemistry 70: 833–841.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King, R., and C. Lawrence. 1989. Isolation and characterization of phytotoxins associated with Streptomyces scabies. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications 13: 849–850.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, R., C. Lawrence, and M. Clark. 1991. Correlation of phytotoxin production with pathogenicity of Streptomyces scabies isolates from scab infected potato tubers. American Potato Journal 68: 675–680.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, R., C. Lawrence, and L. Calhoun. 1992. Chemistry of phytotoxins associated with Streptomyces scabies, the casual organism of potato scab. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 40: 834–837.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kinkel, L. 2008. Soil health: managing the soil microflora to enhance potato health. In Potato health management, ed. D. Johnson, 2nd ed. St. Paul: APS Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinkel, L., J. Bowers, K. Shimizu, N.-E. EC, and J. Schottel. 1998. Quantative relationships among thaxtomin a production, potato scab severity, and fatty acid composition in Streptomyces. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44: 768–776.

  • Koyama, O., A. Manome, S. Kurata, T. Yokomaku, and H. Tanaka. 2006. Correlation between nec1 gene copy number detected in soils by quantitative competitive quenching probe PCR and incidence of potato common scab disease. Microbes and Environments 21: 185–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreuze, J., S. Suomalainen, L. Paulin, and J. Valkonen. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes and PCR analysis of the nec1 gene from Streptomyces spp. causing common scab, pitted scab, and netted scab in Finland. Phytopathology 89: 462–469.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, D., and R. Loria. 1989a. Streptomyces scabies SP-Nov, nom-rev. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 39: 387–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, D., and R. Loria. 1989b. Streptomyces acidiscabies SP-Nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 39: 393–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, D.H., A.F. Reeves, R.W. Goth, G.S. Grounds, and E.A. Giggie. 2006. Relative susceptibility of potato varieties to Streptomyces scabiei and S. acidiscabies. American Journal of Potato Research 83: 67–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langton, F.A. 1972. Screening potato clones for resistance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) in the field. Journal of Agricultural Science 79: 75–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapwood, D., L. Wellings, and W. Rosser. 1970. The control of common scab of potatoes by irrigation. 66: 397–405.

  • Larkin, R.P., C.W. Honeycutt, T.S. Griffin, O.M. Olanya, J.M. Halloran, and Z. He. 2011. Effects of different potato cropping system approaches and water management on soil borne diseases and soil microbial communities. Phytopathology 101: 58–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lauer, F. 1977. Tubers from leaf-bud cuttings: a tool for potato seed certification and breeding programs. American Potato Journal 54: 457–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, C.H., M.C. Clark, and R.R. King. 1990. Induction of common scab symptoms in aseptically cultured potato tubers by the vivotoxin, thaxtomin. Phytopathology 80: 606–608.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leach, J., F. Krantz, P. Decker, and H. Mattson. 1938. The measurement and inheritance of scab resistance in selfed and hybrid progenies of potatoes. Journal of Agricultural Research 56: 843–853.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehtonen, M., H. Rantala, J. Kreuze, H. Bang, L. Kuisma, P. Koski, E. Virtanen, K. Vihlman, and J. Valkonen. 2004. Occurence and survival of potato scab pathogens (Streptomyces species) on tuber lesions: quick diagnosis based on a PCR-based assay. Plant Pathology 53: 280–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leiner, R., B. Fry, D. Carling, and R. Loria. 1996. Probable involvement of thaxtomin a in pathogenicity of Streptomyces scabies on seedlings. Phytopathology 86: 709–713.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerat, S., A. Simao-Beaulieu, and C. Beaulieu. 2009. Genetic and physiological determinants of Streptomyces scabies pathogenicity. Molecular Plant Pathology 10: 579–585.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm, P., H. Kortemaa, K. Kokkola, M. Salkinoja-Salonen, J.P.T. Valkonen, H. Korrtemaa, M. Kokkola, K. Haahtela, M. Salkinoja-Salonen, and J. Valkonen. 1997. Streptomyces spp. isolated from potato scab lesions under nordic conditions in Finland. Plant Disease 81: 1317–1322.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, D., N. Anderson, and L. Kinkel. 1995. Biological control of potato scab in the field with antagonistic Streptomyces scabies. Phytopathology 85: 827–831.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Locci, R. 1994. Actinomycetes as a plant pathogen. European Journal of Plant Pathology 100: 179–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorang, J., N. Anderson, F. Lauer, and D. Wildung. 1989. Disease decline in a Minnesota potato scab plot. American Potato Journal 66: 531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorang, J., D. Liu, N. Anderson, and J. Schottel. 1995. Identification of potato scab inducing and suppressive species of Streptomyces. Phytopathology 85: 261–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loria, R. 2001. Common scab. In Compendium of potato diseases, ed. W.R. Stevenson, R. Loria, G.D. Franc, and D.P. Weingartner, 2nd ed., 14–15. St. Paul: The American Phytopathological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loria, R., R.A. Bukhalid, B.A. Fry, and R.R. King. 1997. Plant pathogenicity in the genus Streptomyces. Plant Disease 81: 836–846.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loria, R., J. Coombs, M. Yoshida, J. Kers, and R. Bukhalid. 2003. A paucity of bacterial root diseases: Streptomyces succeeds where others fail. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 62: 65–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loria, R., J. Kers, and M. Joshi. 2006. Evolution of plant pathogenicity in Streptomyces. Annual Review of Phytopathology 44: 469–487.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Love, S.L., R. Novy, J. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, R.E. Thornton, N.R. Knowles, S.R. James, and D.C. Hane. 2005. Summit russet: a new russet potato variety with good fresh market and frozen processing qualities. American Journal of Potato Research 82: 425–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Love, S., R. Novy, J. Whitworth, D. Corsini, J. Pavek, A. Mosley, M. Pavek, N. Knowles, C. Brown, S. James, and D. Hane. 2006a. Western russet: a new potato variety with excellent fresh market and frozen-fried processing quality and field resistance to common scab and PVY. American Journal of Potato Research 83: 161–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Love, S., R. Novy, J. Whitworth, D. Corsini, J. Pavek, A. Mosley, M. Pavek, N. Knowles, C. Brown, S. James, D. Hane, and J. Miller. 2006b. GemStar russet: a potato variety with high yield, good culinary quality, excellent fresh market appearance, and resistance to common scab. American Journal of Potato Research 83: 171–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manome, A., A. Kageyama, S. Kurata, T. Yokomaku, O. Koyama, T. Kanagawa, and Y. Kamagata. 2008. Quantification of potato common scab pathogens in soil by quantitative competitive PCR with fluorescent quenching-based probes. Plant Pathology 57: 887–896.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marais, L., and R. Vorster. 1988. Evaluation in pot and field trials of resistance of potato cultivars and breeding lines to common scab caused by Streptomyces scabies. Potato Research 31: 401–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maxted, N., S. Kell, B. Ford-Llyod, E. Dulloo, A. Toledo, B. Ford-Lloyd, E. Dulloo, and Á. Toledo. 2012. Toward the systematic conservation of global crop wild relative diversity. Crop Science 52: 774–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meng, Q., J. Yin, N. Rosenzweig, P. Pathology, and D. Douches. 2012. Culture-based assessment of microbial communities in soil suppressive to potato common scab. Plant Disease 96: 712–717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menzies, J. 1959. Occurrence and transfer of a biological factor in soil that suppresses potato scab. Phytopathology 49: 648–652.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra, K., and J. Srivastava. 2001. Screening potato cultivars for common scab of potato in a naturally infested field. Potato Research 44: 19–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyajima, K., F. Tanaka, T. Takeuchi, and S. Kuninaga. 1998. Streptomyces turgidiscabies sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 48: 495–502.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morrissey, J.P., and a E. Osbourn. 1999. Fungal resistance to plant antibiotics as a mechanism of pathogenesis. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 63: 708–724.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, A.M., H. De Jong, and G.C.C. Tai. 1995. Transmission of resistance to common scab from the diploid to the tetraploid level via 4x-2x crosses in potatoes. Euphytica 82: 227–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro, F.M., K.T. Rak, E. Banks, B.D. Bowen, C. Higgins, and J.P. Palta. 2015. Strategies for selecting stable common scab resistant clones in a potato breeding program. American Journal of Potato Research 92: 326–338.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novy, R.G., J.L. Whitworth, J.C. Stark, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, M.I. Vales, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, B.a. Charlton, C.R. Brown, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, T.L. Brandt, and N. Olsen. 2008. Premier russet: a dual-purpose, potato cultivar with significant resistance to low temperature sweetening during long-term storage. American Journal of Potato Research 85: 198–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novy, R.G., J.L. Whitworth, J.C. Stark, B.A. Charlton, S. Yilma, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, R.R. Spear, T.L. Brandt, N. Olsen, M. Thornton, and C.R. Brown. 2014. Teton russet: an early-maturing, dual-purpose potato cultivar having higher protein and vitamin C content, low asparagine, and resistances to common scab and fusarium dry rot. American Journal of Potato Research 91: 380–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, D., J. Kim, S. Kwon, C. Wilson, Y. Yu, J. Hur, and C. Lim. 2003. Streptomyces luridiscabiei sp. nov., Streptomyces puniciscabiei sp. nov and Streptomyces niveiscabiei sp. nov., which cause potato common scab disease in Korea. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2049–2054.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pasco, C., B. Jouan, and D. Andrivon. 2005. Resistance of potato genotypes to common and netted scab causing species of Streptomyces. Plant Pathology 54: 383–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powelson, M., and R. Rowe. 2008. Managing diseases caused by seedborne and soilborne fungi and fungus-like pathogens. In Potato health management, ed. D. Johnson, 2nd ed., 183–195. St. Paul, MN: APS Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qu, X.S., L.A. Wanner, and B.J. Christ. 2008. Using the txtAB operon to quantify pathogenic Streptomyces in potato tubers and soil. Phytopathology 98: 405–412.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qu, X.S., L.A. Wanner, and B.J. Christ. 2011. Multiplex real-time PCR (TaqMan) assay for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of potato powdery and common scab diseases and pathogens. Journal of Applied Microbiology 110: 769–777.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, A., and L. Kinkel. 1997. Inoculum density and population dynamics of suppressive and pathogenic Streptomyces strains and their relationship to biological control of potato scab. Biological Control 10: 180–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sagova-Mareckova, M., O. Daniel, M. Omelka, V. Kristufek, J. Divis, and J. Kopecky. 2015. Determination of factors associated with natural soil suppressivity to potato common scab. PloS One 10 (1): e0116291.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheible, W.W., B. Fry, A. Kochevenko, D. Schindelasch, L. Zimmerli, S. Somerville, R. Loria, and C.R. Somerville. 2003. An Arabidopsis mutant resistant to thaxtomin a, a cellulose synthesis inhibitor from Streptomyces species. The Plant Cell 15: 1781–1794.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sedlákova, V., J. Dejmalová, P. Doležal, E. Hausvater, P. Sedlák, and P. Bastová. 2013. Characterization of fourty-four potato varieties for resistance to common scab, black scurf, and silver scurf. Crop Protection 48: 82–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seipke, R.F., and R. Loria. 2008. Streptomyces scabies 87-22 possesses a functional tomatinase. Journal of Bacteriology 190: 7684–7692.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Song, J., S.S.-C. Lee, J.-W.J. Kang, H.-J.H. Baek, and J.-W.J. Suh. 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of Streptomyces spp. isolated from potato scab lesions in Korea on the basis of rRNA gene and 16S-23S rDNA internally transcribed spacer sequences. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54: 203–209.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, W.R., R. Loria, G.D. Franc, and D.P. Weingartner. 2001. Compendium of potato diseases. 2nd ed. St. Paul: The American Phytopathological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • St-Onge, R., C. Goyer, R. Coffin, and M. Filion. 2008. Genetic diversity of Streptomyces spp. causing common scab of potato in eastern Canada. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 31: 474–484.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tai, H.H., C. Goyer, and A. Murphy. 2013. Potato MYB and bHLH transcription factors associated with anthocyanin intensity and common scab resistance. Botany 91: 722–730.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tegg, R., and C. Wilson. 2010. Relationship of resistance to common scab disease and tolerance to thaxtomin a toxicity within potato cultivars. European Journal of Plant Pathology 128: 143–148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tegg, R.S., L. Melian, C.R. Wilson, and S. Shabala. 2005. Plant cell growth and ion flux responses to the Streptomycete phytotoxin thaxtomin a: calcium and hydrogen flux patterns revealed by the non-invasive MIFE technique. Plant Cell Physiology 46: 638–648.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thangavel, T., R.S. Tegg, and C.R. Wilson. 2016. Toughing it out – disease resistant potato mutants have enhanced tuber skin defenses. Phytopathology 106: 474–483.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thaxter, R. 1891. The potato “scab.” Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report, pp. 81–95.

  • Thwaites, R., S. Wale, D. Nelson, D. Munday, J. Elphinston, and J. Elphinstone. 2010. Streptomyces turgidiscabies and S. acidiscabies: Two new casual agents of common scab of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the UK. Plant Pathology 59: 804.

  • Toth, L., M. Maeda, F. Tanaka, et al. 2001. Isolation and identification of pathogenic strains from netted cab lesions of potato tubers in Hokkaido (Japan). Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 48: 575–585.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wanner, L. 2004. Field isolates of Streptomyces differ in pathogenicity and virulence on radish. Plant Disease 88: 1363–1371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wanner, L. 2006. A survey of genetic variation in Streptomyces isolates causing potato common scab in the United States. Phytopathology 96: 1363–1371.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wanner, L. 2007. High proportions of nonpathogenic Streptomyces are associated with common scab-resistant potato lines and less severe disease. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 53: 1062–1075.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wanner, L. 2008. Streptomyces scabies populations in a single field are not clonal and shift from year to year. Phytopathology 98: S167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wanner, L. 2009. A patchwork of Streptomyces species isolated from potato common scab lesions in North America. American Journal of Potato Research 86: 247–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wanner, L.A., and K.G. Haynes. 2009. Aggressiveness of Streptomyces on four potato cultivars and implications for common scab resistance breeding. American Journal of Potato Research 86: 335–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, B.J., S.A. Jordan, and A.J. Gevens. 2013. Utility of chloropicrin for disease control in potato systems. University of Wisconsin Extension-Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association Grower Education Conference. Educational Conference Proceedings. (Online Proceedings).

  • Wilson, C.R., G.A. Luckman, R.S. Tegg, Z.Q. Yuan, A.J. Wilson, A. Eyles, and A.J. Conner. 2009. Enhanced resistance to common scab of potato through somatic cell selection in cv. Iwa with the phytotoxin thaxtomin A. Plant Pathology. 58: 137–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C.R., R.S. Tegg, A.J. Wilson, G.A. Luckman, A. Eyles, Z.Q. Yuan, L.H. Hingston, and A.J. Conner. 2010. Stable and extreme resistance to common scab of potato obtained through somatic cell selection. Phytopathology 100: 460–467.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yilma, S., M.I. Vales, B.A. Charlton, D.C. Hane, S.R. James, C.C. Shock, A.R. Mosley, D. Culp, E. Feibert, L. Leroux, E. Karaagac, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, J.C. Stark, R.G. Novy, J.L. Whitworth, J.J. Pavek, D.L. Corsini, T.L. Brandt, N. Olsen, and C.R. Brown. 2012. Owyhee russet: a variety with high yields of U.S. no. 1 tubers, excellent processing quality, and moderate resistance to fusarium dry rot (Fusarium solani var. coeruleum). American Journal of Potato Research 89: 175–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, W., D. Liu, and X. Yu. 2008. First report of potato scab caused by Streptomyces turgidiscabies in China. Plant Disease 92: 1587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, W., X. Yu, and D. Liu. 2010. First report of Streptomyces acidiscabies causing potato scab in China. Plant Pathology 59: 405–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zorrilla, C., F. Navarro, S. Vega, J. Bamberg, and J. Palta. 2014. Identification and selection for tuber calcium, internal quality and pitted scab in segregating “Atlantic” x “superior” reciprocal tetraploid populations. American Journal of Potato Research 91: 673–687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Sarah Braun

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Amanda Gevens

  3. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

    Amy Charkowski

  4. Microbiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Christina Allen

  5. USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit and Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Shelley Jansky

Authors
  1. Sarah Braun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amanda Gevens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Amy Charkowski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Christina Allen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shelley Jansky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shelley Jansky.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Braun, S., Gevens, A., Charkowski, A. et al. Potato Common Scab: a Review of the Causal Pathogens, Management Practices, Varietal Resistance Screening Methods, and Host Resistance. Am. J. Potato Res. 94, 283–296 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-017-9575-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-017-9575-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation