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LC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Tubers Showing Zebra Chip Symptoms

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Abstract

A new potato disorder called Zebra Chip (ZC) has been identified in the United States and has been especially problematic in Texas, where substantial economic losses have been incurred. Upon frying, ZC tubers develop a dark “zebra” pattern of discoloration. LC-MS analysis of methanolic extracts from symptomatic tubers revealed major alterations in aromatic amino acids and phenolic compounds. Tyrosine concentrations increased over 8-fold in some symptomatic tubers, reaching up to 3 mg/g DW; This increase may be a major component of the browning of ZC tubers. No marked differences in chlorogenic acid concentrations were found, but differences in other caffeoyl derivatives, including caffeoylpolyamines, were observed. Salicylic acid, a key regulator of plant defenses, was present at very high concentrations in ZC tubers, which is consistent with what would be expected from tubers mounting a defense response to a pathogen. ZC tubers may be a useful model to study how certain plant-microbe/pest or plant-environment interactions affect tuber physiology.

Resumen

Un nuevo desorden de la papa llamado “Zebra chip” (conocido como papa manchada o papa rayada) (ZC) ha sido identificado en los EEUU y es especialmente problemático en Texas, donde se registraron pérdidas económicas sustanciales. Una vez fritos, los tubérculos con ZC desarrollan un patrón de coloración oscura tipo “zebra”. El análisis LC-MS de extractos metanólicos en tubérculos sintomáticos reveló una alteración importante en amino ácidos aromáticos y compuestos fenólicos. Las concentraciones de tirosina se incrementaron ocho veces en algunos tubérculos sintomáticos, llegando hasta 3 mg/g peso seco; este incremento puede ser un componente importante en el oscurecimiento de los tubérculos ZC. No se encontraron marcadas diferencias en la concentración de ácido clorogénico, pero se observaron diferencias en otros derivados del cafeoil, incluyendo las cafeoilpoliaminas. El ácido salicílico, un regulador clave de las defensas de las plantas, estuvo presente en muy altas concentraciones en los tubérculos ZC, lo cual coincide con lo que se espera de tubérculos que desarrollan una respuesta de defensa a un patógeno. Los tubérculos ZC pueden ser un modelo útil para estudiar cómo ciertas enfermedades causadas por microbios o interacciones de la planta con el medio ambiente afectan la fisiología del tubérculo.

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Abbreviations

ZC:

Zebra Chip

LC-MS:

liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

SA:

salicylic acid

DAD:

diode array detector

SAR:

systemic acquired resistance

PPO:

polyphenol oxidase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS, 24106 North Bunn Road, Prosser, Washington, 99164-6430, USA

    Duroy A. Navarre, Joanne Holden & James M. Crosslin

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6430, USA

    Duroy A. Navarre

  3. Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6430, USA

    Roshani Shakya

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  1. Duroy A. Navarre
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  2. Roshani Shakya
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  3. Joanne Holden
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  4. James M. Crosslin
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Correspondence to Duroy A. Navarre.

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Navarre, D.A., Shakya, R., Holden, J. et al. LC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Tubers Showing Zebra Chip Symptoms. Am. J. Pot Res 86, 88–95 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9060-0

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