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Secondary metabolites produced by Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 with antifungal activity against the phytopathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa

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Abstract

The citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is one of the most important citrus diseases in subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas, and fruits with CBS lesions are still subject to quarantine regulations in the European Union. Despite the high application of fungicides, the disease remains present in the citrus crops of Central and South America. In order to find alternatives to help control CBS and reduce the use of fungicides, we explored the antifungal potential of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from the Brazilian medicinal plant Vochysia divergens found in the Pantanal biome. Two different culture media and temperatures were selected to identify the most efficient conditions for the production of active secondary metabolites. The metabolites produced by strain Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 cultured in SG medium at 36 °C considerably inhibited the development of P. citricarpa. Three isoflavones and five diketopiperazines were identified, and the compounds 7-O-β-d-glucosyl-genistein and 7-O-β-d-glucosyl-daidzein showed high activity against P. citricarpa, with the MIC of 33 μg/mL and inhibited the production of asexual spores of P. citricarpa on leaves and citrus fruits. Compounds that inhibit conidia formation may be a promising alternative to reduce the use of fungicides in the control of CBS lesions, especially in regions where sexual reproduction does not occur, as in the USA. Our data suggest the use of Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 or its metabolites as an ecological alternative to be used in association with the fungicides for the control of CBS disease.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by NIH grants CA 91091 and GM 105977 and an Endowed University Professorship in Pharmacy to J.R. University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR001998) and the NIH grants R01 GM115261 to J.S.T. Fundação Araucária grant 441/2012 – 23510, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brazil grant 486016/2011-0 to C.G.

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  1. Daiani Cristina Savi and Khaled A. Shaaban contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531–990, Brazil

    Daiani Cristina Savi & Chirlei Glienke

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA

    Daiani Cristina Savi, Khaled A. Shaaban, Jon S. Thorson & Jürgen Rohr

  3. Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA

    Khaled A. Shaaban & Jon S. Thorson

  4. Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

    Francielly M. W. Gos

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  1. Daiani Cristina Savi
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  3. Francielly M. W. Gos
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Correspondence to Daiani Cristina Savi, Chirlei Glienke or Jürgen Rohr.

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Savi, D.C., Shaaban, K.A., Gos, F.M.W. et al. Secondary metabolites produced by Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 with antifungal activity against the phytopathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa. Folia Microbiol 64, 453–460 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-018-00668-x

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