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Functional and Colorful Wool Textiles through Ecological Dyeing with Lemon Balm Bio-Dyes and Mordants

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Abstract

In recent years, bio-dyes are being increasingly explored as promising sustainable alternatives for cleaner dyeing and functional finishing of textiles. In this study, an ecological approach was presented for clean dyeing and functionalization of wool using flavonoid-based bio-dyes extracted from lemon balm plant. First, dyeing parameters (pH, time, temperature, and dye concentration) were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) optimization technique. Afterwards, wool yarns were dyed using 75% (o.w.f.) of bio-dyes in conjunction with different bio-mordants (Quercus infectoria and Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves), metal salts (Cu2+ and Fe2+), and their binary combinations. Practically, nine different sober color shades (control dyeing: Yellowish brown; Fe2+: Raw umber color; Cu2+: Satin sheen gold color; GN: Tan color; EU: Fallow color; Fe/GN: Van dyke color; Fe/Eu: Wenge color; Cu/GN: Coyote color; Cu/Eu: Khaki color) were obtained. Additionally, dyed wool exhibited excellent antibacterial, antioxidant, and UV-protection behaviors. Indeed, the introduction of metal ions (Fe2+ and Cu2+) and bio-mordants enhanced the color depth and fastness properties and imparted a semi-durable antimicrobial and antioxidant finish with 80% retention of activity after 20 washing cycles. The results of this study confirmed the potential of lemon balm as a promising source of bio-dyes to impart a semi-durable antimicrobial and antioxidant finish with a bright future in the biomedical textile division and healthcare applications with UV protection.

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Data availability statement

Data will be available by corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Tabriz Islamic Art University is gratefully acknowledged for all the supports throughout this research study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Eco-Dyeing and Functional Finishing of Textiles, Faculty of Carpet, Tabriz Islamic Art University, P. O. BOX 51385-4567, Tabriz, Iran

    Siyamak Safapour & Javad Moradnejad

  2. College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People’s Republic of China

    Luqman Jameel Rather

  3. Department of Chemistry, S.P. College, Cluster University Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India

    Luqman Jameel Rather

  4. Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Baha University, 65431, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia

    Shazia Shaheen Mir

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  1. Siyamak Safapour
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Correspondence to Siyamak Safapour.

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Safapour, S., Rather, L.J., Moradnejad, J. et al. Functional and Colorful Wool Textiles through Ecological Dyeing with Lemon Balm Bio-Dyes and Mordants. Fibers Polym 24, 4357–4370 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00397-0

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