Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of opening on the shear behavior of granular materials in direct shear test

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper examines the effect of the opening between the shear boxes on the shear behavior in the direct shear box test (H=20 mm×D=60 mm) under a constant vertical stress using seven types of granular material. It is observed that the magnitude of shear strength and dilatancy decreases due to the outflow of sample with an increase in the opening. The two notions of the Threshold Point (TP) as the limit opening size and the Threshold Line (TL) offering the guideline of opening size is defined according to the mean particle size of soil samples. However, similar shear behaviors were observed regardless of the opening size because there was no outflow of sample through applying the Teflon sheet in the direct shear box tests for Toyoura sand. Finally, the shear mode on the circular specimen applying the Teflon sheet is also examined in comparison with the results from other tests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

References

  • ASTM, Annual Book of Standards (2009). Vol. 04.08, Soil and rock (I), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caruso, M. and Tarantino, A. (2004). “A shear box for testing unsaturated soils at medium to high degrees of saturation.” Geotechnique, Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 281–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerato, A. B. and Lutenegger, A. J. (2006). “Specimen size and scale effects of direct shear box tests of sands.” Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis E. H. (1968). “Theories of plasticity and failures of soil masses.” Soil Mechanics, Selected Topics, Lee, I. K. (ed.), Butterworth, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald, I. B. (1956). “Shear strength measurements in unsaturated noncohesive soils with negative pore pressures.” Proc., 2nd Australian and New Zealand Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, pp. 200–205.

  • Escario, V. (1980). “Suction controlled penetration and shear tests.” Proc., 4th International Conference on Expansive Soils, Denver, Co., Vol. 2, pp. 781–797.

    Google Scholar 

  • Escario, V. and Saez, J. (1986). “The shear strength of partly saturated soils.” Geotechnique, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 453–456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gan, J. K. M., Fredlund, D. G., and Rahardjo, H. (1988). “Determination of the shear strength parameters of an unsaturated soil using the direct shear test.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 25, No. 8, pp. 500–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, P. (2008). “Modified direct shear test for anisotropic strength of sand.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 134, No. 9, pp. 1311–1318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hight, D. W. and Leroueil, S. (2003). “Characterisation of soils of engineering Purposes.” Proc., Characterisation and Engineering Properties of Natural Soils, Vol. 1, pp. 255–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewell, R. A. and Wroth, C. P. (1987). “Direct shear tests on reinforced sand.” Geotechnique, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 53–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, B. S., Shibuya, S., Park, S. W., and Kato, S. (2010). “Application of suction stress for estimating unsaturated shear strength of soils using direct shear testing under low confining pressure.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 47, No. 9, pp. 955–970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitajima, A., Shibuya, S., Mitachi, T., and Iwahashi, T. (1995). “Requisites to achieve quasi-simple shear in direct shear box test.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Direct Shear Box Testing of Soils, pp. 181–188.

  • Lings, M. L. and Dietz, M. S. (2004). “An improved direct shear apparatus for sand.” Geotechnique, Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 245–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikasa, M. (1960). “New direct shear test apparatus.” Proc., 15th Annual Conference, JSCE, Tokyo, pp. 45–48 (in Japanese).

  • Nakamaru, S., Pradhan T. B. S., and Hujitani, M. (1996). “Mechanical properties of direct shear test on the initial frame isotropy using sands.” Proc., 51th JSCE Annual Meeting, JSCE, Vol. III-A18, pp. 36–37 (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmeira, E. M. and Milligan, G. W. E. (1989). “Scale effects in direct shear tests on sand.” Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 739–742.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, J. D. (1936). “Progress report on an investigation of the shearing resistance of cohesionless soils.” Proc., 1 st Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 133–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pradhan, T. B. S., Tatsuoka, F., and Horii, N. (1988). “Strength and deformation characteristics of sand in torsional simple shear.” Soils and Foundations, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 131–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pradhan, T. B. S., Fujitani, M., and Nakamaru, S. (1995). “Comparison of strengths from direct shear test and other shear tests.” Proc., Int. Sym. on direct shear box testing of soils, pp. 159–166.

  • Satija, B. S. (1978). Shear behavior of partly saturated soils, PhD Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarpelli, G. and Wood, D. M. (1982). “Experimental observations of shear band patterns in direct shear.” Proc. of the IUTAM Sym. on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials, Vermeer, P. A. and Luger, H. J. (eds), Rotterdam: Balkema, pp. 473–484.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simoni, A. and Houlsby, G. T. (2006). “The direct shear strength and dilatancy of sand-gravel mixtures.” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 24, pp. 523–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya, S., Mitachi, T., and Tamate, S. (1997). “Interpretation of direct shear box testing of sands as quasi-simple shear.” Geotechnique, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 769–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skempton, A. W. and Bishop, A. W. (1950). “The measurement of the shear strength of soils.” Geotechnique, Vol. 2, pp. 188–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, K. J. L. and Muir Wood, D. (1992). “Effects of dilatancy and particle size observed in model tests on sand.” Soils and Foundations, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 43–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stroud, M. A. (1971). The behavior of sand at low stress levels in the simple shear apparatus, PhD Dissertation, University of Cambridge.

  • Takada, N. (1993). “Mikasa’s direct shear apparatus, testing procedures and results.” Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 314–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tatsuoka, F., Nakaumura, S., Huang, C.-C., and Tani, K. (1990). “Strength anisotropy and shear band direction in plane strain tests in sand.” Soils and Foundations, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 35–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanapalli, S. K., Fredlund, D. G., Pufahl, M. D., and Clifton, A. W. (1996). “Model for prediction of shear strength with respect to soil suction.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 379–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yatabe, R., Oshima, A., and Suzuki, K. (1995). “Results of round robin test on direct shear test.” Proc., Int. Sym. on direct shear box testing of soils, pp. 1–11 (in Japanese).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kobe University, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan

    Byeong-Su Kim, Satoru Shibuya & Shoji Kato

  2. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, 448-701, Korea

    Seong-Wan Park

Authors
  1. Byeong-Su Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Satoru Shibuya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seong-Wan Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shoji Kato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seong-Wan Park.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kim, BS., Shibuya, S., Park, SW. et al. Effect of opening on the shear behavior of granular materials in direct shear test. KSCE J Civ Eng 16, 1132–1142 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-1518-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-1518-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation