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Using Intact Nuts and Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Classify Macadamia Cultivars

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Abstract

Macadamia nut industry is increasingly gaining more space in the food market and the success of the industry and the quality are largely due to the selection of cultivars through macadamia nut breeding programs. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility NIRS coupled to chemometric classification methods, to build a rapid and non-invasive analytical procedure to classify different macadamia cultivars based on intact nuts. Intact nuts of five different macadamia cultivars (HAES 246, IAC 4-20, IAC 2-23, IAC 5-10, and IAC 8-17) were harvested in 2017. Two NIR reflectance spectra were collected per nut, and the mean spectra were used to chemometrics analysis. Principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and genetic algorithm-linear discriminant analysis (GA-LDA) were used to develop the classifications models. The GA-LDA approach resulted in accuracy higher than 94.44%, with spectra preprocessed with Savitzky-Golay smoothing. Thus, this approach can be implemented in the macadamia industry, allowing the selection of cultivars based on intact nuts. However, it is recommended that more experimentation to include more data variability in order to increase the classification accuracy to 100%.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for their financial support.

Funding

This study was funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (FCFAR), Campus de Araraquara, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1 – CP 502, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil

    Lívia C. Carvalho

  2. Instituto de Química, Química Biológica e Quimiometria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, no. 3000, Bairro de Lagoa Nova, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

    Camilo L. M. Morais & Kássio M. G. Lima

  3. Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Campus de Jaboticabal, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil

    Gustavo W. P. Leite, Gabriele S. Oliveira, Izabela P. Casagrande, João P. Santos Neto & Gustavo H. A. Teixeira

Authors
  1. Lívia C. Carvalho
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  2. Camilo L. M. Morais
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  3. Kássio M. G. Lima
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  4. Gustavo W. P. Leite
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  5. Gabriele S. Oliveira
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  8. Gustavo H. A. Teixeira
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gustavo H. A. Teixeira.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Conflict of Interest

Lívia C. Carvalho declares that she has no conflict of interest. Camilo L. M. Morais declares that he has no conflict of interest. Kássio M. G. Lima declares that he has no conflict of interest. Gustavo W. P. Leite declares that he has no conflict of interest. Gabriele S. Oliveira declares that he has no conflict of interest. Izabela P. Casagrande declares that she has no conflict of interest. João P. Santos Neto declares that he has no conflict of interest. Gustavo H. A. Teixeira declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Carvalho, L.C., Morais, C.L.M., Lima, K.M.G. et al. Using Intact Nuts and Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Classify Macadamia Cultivars. Food Anal. Methods 11, 1857–1866 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1078-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1078-9

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