Abstract
Processing of apple fruits for juice/cider production generates large volume of pomace at industrial scale. This biomass (cell wall material and pulp tissues) is rich in array of nutrients, especially dietary fiber and polyphenols. Apple fruits confront various processing conditions at industrial level, influencing the biochemical composition of generated pomace, including its phenolic profile. In present study, a simple, fast and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method using diode array detector was developed and validated for separation of different phenolics present in industrial apple pomace. The present method showed reliable and reproducible intraday (0.2–4.0 % RSD) and interday (3.7–8.1 % RSD) precision with limits of detection and quantification values in range of 0.14–0.58 and 0.48–1.95 μg ml−1, respectively, for all the phenolics. Different solvent-mediated extraction of dried pomace powder was also performed to evaluate its total antioxidant potential using standard spectrophotometric assays. The major phenolics found in industrial apple pomace extracts were quercetin (1.4–10.3 μg mg−1), phloretin (1.1–9.3 μg mg−1) and phloridzin (0.62–2.0 μg mg−1).
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the Director, CSIR-IHBT Palampur (H.P.), for continuous encouragement and motivation on economical utilisation of natural bioresources. Authors also acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, and Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, GOI, for providing necessary facilities during the course of the investigation and financial support. Himachal Pradesh of Horticultural Produce Marketing and Processing Corporation Ltd. (HPMC), Parwanoo (H.P.), is also acknowledged for providing the industrial apple pomace.
Conflict of Interest
Shalika Rana has received research grants from Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, GOI, New Delhi. Ajay Rana has received research grants from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR, Ministry of Science and Technology, GOI, New Delhi. Ashu Gulati has no conflict of interest. Shashi Bhushan being PI of the project thankful to Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, GOI, for funding the present research work. Shashi Bhushan declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.
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Rana, S., Rana, A., Gulati, A. et al. RP-HPLC-DAD Determination of Phenolics in Industrial Apple Pomace. Food Anal. Methods 7, 1424–1432 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9765-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9765-7