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Les enjeux de l’entreprenariat immigré

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Résumé

Cet article présente les acquis de la littérature sur les économies immigrées et interroge de manière critique l’usage qui y est fait de la notion d’ethnicité. Il analyse d’abord le contexte et les opportunités des entrepreneurs (micro- et macro-contexte, politique de soutien, transnationalisme, économies informelles), avant de décrire les ressources déployées par les entrepreneurs. Celles-ci incluent notamment les réseaux et le capital social de type ethnique, dont les rapports avec les facteurs de classe, de genre et de culture et l’impact sur la mobilité sociale sont analysés. L’article interroge finalement la notion même d’économies ethniques, montrant comment celle-ci peut aboutir à une sur-ethnicisation des pratiques commerciales des populations immigrées.

Abstract

This article reviews the major findings of the scholarship on immigrant economies and critically analyses the use of the notion of ethnicity therein. It first presents the context and the opportunities of entrepreneurs (micro- and macro-context, support policies, transnationalism, informal economies), before describing the resources mobilized by businesspeople. These include, in particular, networks and ethnic/social capital, whose relationships with factors such as class, gender, culture, and social mobility are investigated. The article concludes by questioning the very notion of ethnic economies, arguing that it may lead to an over-ethnicisation of business practices within immigrant groups.

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    Antoine Pécoud

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Pécoud, A. Les enjeux de l’entreprenariat immigré. Int. Migration & Integration 6, 377–403 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-005-1019-0

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