Abstract
The African American helping tradition has been and continues to be instrumental to the survival and advancement of the African American community. Christian religion is integral to the maintenance of this tradition; however, surprisingly few empirical studies of the connection between religion and helping among African Americans exist. The few studies that do exist reveal a complicated relationship between religion and helping; the quality of which, appears to depend on the aspect of the religious experience and the aspect of the helping tradition under study. The present study aimed to further clarify this seemingly nuanced relationship. Applying social learning as a theoretical frame, this study examined the extent to which organizational religiosity, in the form of service attendance, related to the African American helping tradition, in the form of informal community helping among a sample of African American adults in the Northeast of the USA (N = 140). Results indicated that current religious service attendance was positively correlated with informal community helping and was a positive predictor of informal community helping. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bandura, A. (1974). Psychological modeling. New York: Lieber-Atherton.
Bandura, A., & Mischel, W. (1965). Modification of self-imposed delay of reward through exposure to live and symbolic models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2(5), 698–705.
Barnes, S. L. (2005). Black church culture and community action. Social Forces, 84(2), 967–994.
Beretvas, S. N., Meyers, J. L., & Leite, W. L. (2002). A reliability generalization study of the Marlowe–Crowne social desirability scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(4), 570–589.
Brown, R. K., & Brown, R. E. (2003). Faith and works: church-based social capital resources and African American political activism. Social Forces, 82(2), 617–641.
Calhoun-Brown, A. (1996). African American Churches and political mobilization: the psychological impact of organizational resources. The Journal of Politics, 58(4), 935–953.
Clayton, O. (1995). The churches and social change: accommodation, moderation, or protest. Daedalus, 124(1), 101–117.
Cone, J. (1975). God of the oppressed. Maryknoll: Orbis Books.
Ellison, C. G. (1992). Are religious people nice people?: evidence from the national survey of Black Americans. Social Forces, 71(2), 339–363.
Fischer, D. G., & Fick, C. (1993). Measuring social desirability: short forms of the Marlowe–Crowne social desirability scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53(2), 417–424.
Gilkes, C. T. (2001). If it wasn’t for the women…: Black women’s experience and womanist culture in church and community. Maryknoll: Orbis Books.
Hall-Russell, C., & Kasberg, R. H. (1997). African American traditions of giving and serving: a Midwest perspective. Indianapolis: The Indiana University Center on Philanthropy.
Harris, F. C. (1994). Something within: religion as a mobilizer of African American political activism. The Journal of Politics, 56(1), 42–68.
Hunt, E., & Maurrasse, D. (2004). Time, talent, and treasure: a study of black philanthropy. New York: The Twenty-First Century Foundation.
Lincoln, C. E., & Mamiya, L. H. (1990). The Black church in the African American experience. Durham: Duke University Press.
Martin, J. M., & Martin, E. P. (1985). The helping tradition in the Black family and community. Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers, Inc.
Mattis, J. S., Hammond, W. P., Grayman, N., Bonacci, M., Brennan, W., Cowie, S.-A., Ladyzhenskaya, L., & So, S. (2009). The social production of altruism: motivations for caring action in a low-income urban community. American Journal of Community Psychology, 43(1–2), 71–84.
Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self and society: from the standpoint of a social behaviorist. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Milgram, S. (1970). The experience of living in cities. Science, 167, 1461–1468.
Musick, M. A., Wilson, J., & Bynum, W. B., Jr. (2000). Race and formal volunteering: the differential effects of class and religion. Social Forces, 78(4), 1539–1570.
Sanders, C. J., Gilkes, C. T., Cannon, K. G., Townes, E. M., Copeland, M. S., & Hooks, B. (1989). Roundtable discussion: Christian ethics and theology in womanist perspective. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 5(2), 83–112.
Smith, H. L., Fabricatore, A., & Peyrot, M. (1999). Religiosity and altruism among African American males: the Catholic experience. Journal of Black Studies, 29(4), 579–597.
Stryker, S., & Serpe, R. T. (1982). Commitment, identity salience, and role behavior. In W. Ickes & E. Knowles (Eds.), Personality, Roles and Social Behavior (pp. 199–218). New York: Springer.
Taylor, R. J., Mattis, J., & Chatters, L. M. (1999). Subjective religiosity among African Americans: a synthesis of findings from five national samples. Journal of Black Psychology, 25(4), 524–543.
Taylor, R. J., Chatters, L. M., & Levin, J. (2004). Religion in the lives of African Americans: social, psychological, and health perspectives. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., Brady, H., & Nie, N. H. (1993). Race, ethnicity and political resources: participation in the United States. British Journal of Political Science, 23(4), 453–497.
Watts-Jones, D. (1990). Toward a stress scale for African-American Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 14(2), 271–275.
Wilcox, C. (1990). Religious sources of politicization among Blacks in Washington, DC. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29(3), 387–394.
Winters, M.-F. (1999). Reflections on endowment building in the African-American community. In Cultures of caring: philanthropy in diverse American communities (pp. 107–145). Washington, DC: Council on Foundations.
Acknowledgments
This research was made possible with the support of grants awarded to the second author by the John Templeton Foundation and Fetzer Institute.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The title of this article is an adaptation of Cheryl Townsend Gilkes’ book, If It Wasn’t For The Women…: Black Women’s Experience and Womanist Culture in Church and Community.
Appendix
Appendix
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grayman-Simpson, N., Mattis, J.S. “If It Wasn’t for the Church…:” Organizational Religiosity and Informal Community Helping among African American Adults. J Afr Am St 17, 243–252 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-012-9213-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-012-9213-6