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Serum Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor, Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha as Markers of Celiac Disease Activity

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Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the markers of lymphocyte activation (sIL-2R, IL-6 and TNF α) in the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed patients with celiac disease (CD) and patients with CD on Gluten free diet (GFD) for at least 2 y. The markers were correlated with conventional serological tests Anti-tissue transglutaminase (Anti-TTG) used for diagnosis and follow up of the disease; wherever possible.

Methods

Thirty newly diagnosed cases of CD (on the basis of histopathology and serology) not on GFD were enrolled as Group 1 of the study. Thirty age and sex matched controls from the Pediatric Surgery OPD formed Group 2. Thirty cases of CD on GFD for at least 2 y (Group 3) were also enrolled in the study. Upper G.I. endoscopy was performed in all Group 1 patients and cytokine levels assayed by ELISA on serum obtained from all patients in Groups 1, 2, 3.

Results

Mean sIL-2R level in Group 1(1498.1+/−1234.31 pg/ml) and Group 3 (488.78+/−396.18 pg/ml) were significantly higher than the controls (336.27+/−218.67 pg/ml p < 0.05). Among the patients with CD, mean serum levels in Group 1 were higher than in Group 3 (p < 0.05). sIL-2R levels showed good correlation with tTg levels in Group 1 patients (p < 0.000, r = 0.69).

Mean IL-6 levels in Group 1 were significantly higher (28.43+/−28.32 pg/ml) than Group 2(15.03+/−7.72 pg/ml p < 0.05) and Group 3(11.26+/−5.13 pg/ml p < 0.05). IL-6 levels were comparable between Groups 2 and 3 (p > 0.05).IL-6 levels showed good correlation with tTg levels in Group 1(p < 0.008, r = 0.471). Mean TNFα levels in Group 1(179.66+/−102.93 pg/ml), Group 2 (153.16+/−27.02 pg/ml) and Group 3 (166.67+/−28.95 pg/ml) were comparable (p > 0.05). TNFα levels showed poor correlation with tTg levels in Group 1 patients (p > 0.604, r = −0.099).

Conclusions

sIL-2R and IL-6 levels have a good correlation with CD activity and can be used as reliable markers for detecting minimal transgression from GFD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India

    Akshay Kapoor, A. K. Patwari & Praveen Kumar

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India

    Anju Jain

  3. Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India

    Shashi Narayan

  4. C-2 Bhagwan Dass Nagar, East Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi, 110026, India

    Akshay Kapoor

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  1. Akshay Kapoor
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Correspondence to Akshay Kapoor.

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Kapoor, A., Patwari, A.K., Kumar, P. et al. Serum Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor, Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha as Markers of Celiac Disease Activity. Indian J Pediatr 80, 108–113 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-012-0830-9

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