Abstract
Raised intracranial pressure is a life threatening condition; unless recognized and treated early, it may progress into herniation syndrome and death. Symptoms and signs are neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific, hence a high index of suspicion and vigilance are needed for early recognition. Immediate goal of management is to prevent / reverse herniation and to maintain good cerebral perfusion pressure. The therapeutic measures include stabilization of airway, breathing and circulation, along with neutral neck position, head end elevation by 30°, adequate sedation and analgesia, minimal stimulation, and hyperosmolar therapy (mannitol or 3% saline). Short-term hyperventilation (to achieve PCO2 ≈ 30 mm Hg) using bag ventilation can be resorted to if signs of impending herniation are present.
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Ramesh Kumar R., Singhi, S.C. & Singhi, P. Raised Intracranial Pressure (ICP): Management in Emergency Department. Indian J Pediatr 79, 518–524 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-011-0648-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-011-0648-x