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Photocatalytic TiO2/CdS/ZnS nanocomposite induces Bacillus subtilis cell death by disrupting its metabolism and membrane integrity

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Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely characterized for its application in clinical diagnostics, therapeutics, cosmetics, nutrition, and environment management. Despite enormous potential, its dependence on ultraviolet (UV) light for photocatalytic activity limits its commercialization. Accordingly in the present study, a photo catalytically superior ternary complex of TiO2 with Cadmium sulfide/Zinc sulfide (CdS/ZnS) has been synthesized, as well as, characterized for photo-induced antimicrobial activity. The band gap of crystalline TiO2/CdS/ZnS nanocomposite has been reduced (2.26 eV) and nanocomposite has shown the optimal photo-activation at 590 nm. TiO2 nanocomposite has significant bactericidal activity in visible light (P < 0.01). Exposure of the TiO2 nanocomposite affected the cellular metabolism by altering the 1681 metabolic features (P < 0.001) culminating in poor cellular survivability. Additionally, photo-induced reactive oxygen species generation through nanocomposite disrupts the microbial cellular structure. The present study synthesized photocatalytic nanocomposite as well as unveiled the holistic cellular effect of theTiO2/CdS/ZnS nanocomposite. Additionally, the present study also indicated the potential application of TiO2/CdS/ZnS nanocomposite for sustainable environment management, therapeutics, and various industries.

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Acknowledgements

Anuj Mittal would like to thank Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for fellowships.

Funding

The work was supported by grant from Principle Scientific Advisor, Government of India for the project entitled “Delhi Research Implementation and Innovation (DRIIV)”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Naveen Kumar, Anuj Mittal & Shankar Sharma

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Monika Yadav, Tarun Kumar & Nar Singh Chauhan

  3. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India

    Rahul Chakraborty & Shantanu Sengupta

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  1. Naveen Kumar
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  2. Anuj Mittal
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  3. Monika Yadav
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  4. Shankar Sharma
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  5. Tarun Kumar
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  7. Shantanu Sengupta
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  8. Nar Singh Chauhan
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Contributions

NSC and NK designed the study. AM carried out nanocomposite synthesis and characterization, MY and TK assessed the antimicrobial properties. RC and SG performed metabolomics analysis. NSC, NK, AM, and MY performed data analysis and integration. All authors contributed to the manuscript preparation.

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Correspondence to Nar Singh Chauhan.

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Kumar, N., Mittal, A., Yadav, M. et al. Photocatalytic TiO2/CdS/ZnS nanocomposite induces Bacillus subtilis cell death by disrupting its metabolism and membrane integrity. Indian J Microbiol 61, 487–496 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-021-00973-z

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