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Determination of Significant Prognostic Factors for Maxillary Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 90 Cases

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Abstract

Maxillary gingival squamous cell carcinoma (MGSCC) occurs rather infrequently, compared to tongue and mandibular gingival carcinomas, among the cancers of the oral cavity. Therefore, significant numbers of MGSCC cases have not been statistically analysed. The aim of this study is to clarify the prognostic factors for MGSCC. We performed the statistical analysis of 90 MGSCC cases primarily treated in our department from 1999 to 2014. The patients (male: 36, female: 54) were aged between 38 and 93 years, and the mean age was 68.7 years. The number of patients in each tumour stage according to the TNM classification was as follows: T1: 15 cases, T2: 32 cases, T3: 13 cases, and T4: 30 cases. Forty-two patients were treated only by surgery, 5 only by radiotherapy, 3 by preoperative radiotherapy and surgery, and 40 patients were treated by combination therapy with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Neck dissections were performed in 40 cases including 29 cases (11 primary and 18 secondary cases) of histopathologically diagnosed lymph node metastases. Extranodal extension was found in 74.3% cases with metastatic lymph nodes. The 5-year overall survival rate was 81.9%. In univariate analysis, the site of occurrence, stage of tumour, lymph node metastasis, and treatment contributed to the 5-year survival rate. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the site of occurrence (posterior region) was an independent prognostic factor. Seventeen deaths occurred due to the primary disease, while three deaths were caused by other diseases. The posterior region cancers, according to the classification based on site of occurrence, were independent predictors of poor 5-year overall survival rate.

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Availability of Data and Materials

The datasets generated during the current study are not publicly available since they will contain patient data and the informed consent agreement does not include sharing data publicly.

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Funding

No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shizuoka City Shizuoka Hospital, 10-93, Outemachi, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, 420-8690, Japan

    Yoshio Ohyama

  2. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan

    Yoshio Ohyama, Daisuke Yamamoto & Tetsuya Yoda

  3. Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, NTT Medical Center, 5-9-22 Higashigotannda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-8625, Japan

    Masashi Yamashiro & Miho Mizutani

  4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan

    Yasuyuki Michi

  5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Narikazu Uzawa

  6. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, 617-1 Takahayashinishi-cho, Oota-shi, Gunma, 373-0828, Japan

    Kunihiro Myo

  7. Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Moriyama Memorial, 4-3-1 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-0081, Japan

    Itaru Sonoda

  8. Department of Oral Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780, Komuro, Inamachi, Kitaadachigun, Saitama, 362-0806, Japan

    Jun Sumino

  9. Department of Oral Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Aahikaga Hospital, 284-1 Yobe-cho, Ashikaga, Tochigi, 326-0843, Japan

    Chika Miura

  10. Department of Oral Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan

    Kou Kayamori

Authors
  1. Yoshio Ohyama
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  2. Masashi Yamashiro
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  3. Yasuyuki Michi
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  4. Narikazu Uzawa
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  5. Kunihiro Myo
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  6. Itaru Sonoda
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  7. Jun Sumino
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  8. Chika Miura
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  9. Miho Mizutani
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  10. Daisuke Yamamoto
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  11. Kou Kayamori
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  12. Tetsuya Yoda
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. YO and MY analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. CM, MM KM, IS and DY collected the data. YM, NU, JS, KK and TY collected the data and wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yoshio Ohyama.

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Conflict of interests

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Ethics Approval

This retrospective study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Registry No. D2013-034) and written informed consent was waived because of its retrospective design.

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Ohyama, Y., Yamashiro, M., Michi, Y. et al. Determination of Significant Prognostic Factors for Maxillary Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma in 90 Cases. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 74 (Suppl 3), 5930–5935 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02559-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02559-z

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