Abstract
A metallic fishnet metamaterial structure in sub-THz region is presented. The proposed structure is based on hexagonal resonators. Simulations have been performed by a 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulator and a negative refractive index has been observed at the frequency range between 0.55 and 0.70 THz with the help of the graphene layer. In order to observe the effect of the graphene layer, the metamaterial structure has been simulated and examined before and after graphene integration. Significant modification in the propagation properties has been observed after the graphene integration. Change in S-parameters with the size variation of hexagonal resonators and alteration in graphene thickness are also presented as a parametric study to show the tunability of the structure. Suitability of the metamaterial for sensor applications has been investigated. The proposed metamaterial structure is promising to be effectively used for tunability and sensor applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V G Veselago, Sov. Phys. Usp. 10, 509 (1968)
O T Gunduz and C Sabah, Opt. Eng. 54, 087101-1 (2015)
W Li, X Zhou, Y Ying, X Qiao, F Qin, Q Li and S Che, AIP Adv. 5, 067151-1 (2015)
F Dincer, M Karaaslan, E Unal, K Delihacioglu and C Sabah, Prog. Electromagn. Res. 144, 123 (2014)
Z Yu, S Liu, C Fang, X Huang and H Yang, Phys. Scr. 90, 065501 (2015)
W Withayachumnankul, IEEE Photon. J. 1, 99 (2009)
H Tao, N I Landy, C M Bingham, X Zhang, R D Averitt and W J Padilla, Opt. Express 16, 7181 (2008)
L Cong, S Tan, R Yahiaoui, F Yan, W Zhang and R Singh, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 031107 (2015)
X He, S Yan, Q Ma, Q Zhang, P Jia, F Wu and J Jiang, Opt. Commun. 340, 44 (2015)
B Mulla and C Sabah, Wave Random Complex 25, 382 (2015)
S Ayas, G Bakan and A Dana, Opt. Express 23, 11763 (2015)
H Wang and L Wang, Opt. Express 21, A1078 (2013)
K I Bolotin, K J Sikes, Z Jiang, M Klima, G Fudenberg, J Hone, P Kim and H L Stormer, Solid State Commun. 146, 351 (2008)
A K Geim, Science 324, 1530 (2009)
N Papasimakis, Z Luo, Z X Shen, F De Angelis, E Di Fabrizio, A E Nikolaenko and N I Zheludev, Opt. Express 18, 8353 (2010)
X He, Carbon 82, 229 (2015)
X He, Z-Y Zhao and W Shi, Opt. Lett. 40, 178 (2015)
X He, F Lin, F Liu and W Shi, Nanotechnology 27, 485202 (2016)
X He, P Gao and W Shi, Nanoscale 8, 10388 (2016)
Wei Su and Bingyan Chen, Pramana – J. Phys. 89, 37 (2017)
C Sabah, Opt. Commun. 285, 4549 (2012)
M P Ustunsoy and C Sabah, J. Alloys Compd. 687, 514 (2016)
C Sabah and H G Roskos, Curr. Appl. Phys. 12, 443 (2012)
A Mary, S G Rodrigo, F J Garcia-Vidal and L Martin-Moreno, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 103902-1 (2008)
C Garcia-Meca, R Ortuno, F J Rodriguez-Fortuno, J Marti and A Martinez, Opt. Lett. 34, 1603 (2009)
R Ortuno, C Garcia-Meca, F J Rodriguez-Fortuno, J Marti and A Martinez, Phys. Rev. B 79, 075425-1 (2009)
Z Huang, J Xue, Y Hou, J Chu and D H Zhang, Phys. Rev. B 74, 193105-1 (2006)
C Sabah and S Uckun, Prog. Electromagn. Res. 91, 349 (2009)
N Chikhi, E Di Gennaro, E Esposito and A Andreone, in Terahertz and mid infrared radiation: Generation, detection and applications edited by Mauro F Pereira and Oleksiy Shulika (Springer, Dordrecht, 2011) p. 9
C Sabah, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. 27, 4777 (2016)
C Sabah, F Dincer, M Karaaslan, E Unal, O Akgol and E Demirel, Opt. Commun. 322, 137 (2014)
C Sabah and H G Roskos, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 61, 30402-1 (2013)
C Sabah and H G Roskos, Microsyst. Technol. 18, 2071 (2012)
Acknowledgements
The work reported here was carried out at Middle East Technical University-Northern Cyprus Campus (METU-NCC). It is supported by METU-NCC under grant numbers of BAP-FEN-15-D-3 and BAP-FEN-16-K-8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Demir, S.M., Yüksek, Y. & Sabah, C. Investigation of graphene-integrated tunable metamaterials in THz regime. Pramana - J Phys 90, 65 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-018-1558-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-018-1558-5