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Karyotype diversity in cultivated and wild Indian rice through EMA-based chromosome analysis

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Abstract

India is known for its diverse cultivated and wild rice germplasm. In today’s crop improvement programmes, wild relatives are much-needed genetic repository of valuable traits. Analysis of genetic diversity at the chromosomal level is one cost-effective tool to unlock foundational information related to genetics and plant breeding. Presently, enzymatic maceration and air-drying method (EMA) has been applied for the first time in six cultivated and nine wild Indian rice (diploid and tetraploid). EMA method following Giemsa staining has yielded large numbers of cytoplasm free metaphase plates with distinct chromosome morphology. Detailed analysis has revealed karyotype diversities in terms of total chromatin length (TCL), chromosome morphology and location of sat chromosomes within and between the studied species. Most of the cultivated rice has gained additional amount in TCL during the period of domestication in comparison to their progenitor Oryza nivara. Morphological clarity of the small chromosomes of rice was much required and has helped to identify individual chromosomes in the diverse karyotypes. Diversity in landmark SAT chromosomes is another important observation, not reported previously in Indian rice. Present study has shown that in most of the O. sativa members, the 10th pair contains SAT except one where 6th pair is satellited. On the other hand, diversity of SAT in diploid and tetraplod wild species has been recorded on 5th, 7th and 8th chromosome pairs and on 9th, 12th, 22nd and 23rd chromosome pairs, respectively. Karyomorphometric indices has helped to construct dendrogram to elucidate intraspecies and interspecies relationships. Untapped genetic diversity recorded in Indian rice through chromosomal analysis will be useful to the breeders and genome researchers.

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Acknowledgements

TBJ acknowledges the Director and Dr B. C. Patra Central Rice Research Institute Cuttack for providing valuable Rice germplasms. Principal Dr S. Dutta, and Dr P. Roy, Head, Dept. of Botany Maulana Azad College is duly acknowledged for providing all basic facilities. Author also acknowledges technical support extended by Dr P. S. Saha and Dr B. K. Bhowmick.

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  1. Department of Botany, Maulana Azad College, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Road, Kolkata, 700 013, India

    Timir Baran Jha

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  1. Timir Baran Jha
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Correspondence to Timir Baran Jha.

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Corresponding editor: Durgadas P. Kasbekar

This paper is dedicated to my beloved teacher and renowned plant cytogeneticist Prof. Arun Kumar Sharma (late) for his inspiration in rice chromosome research.

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Jha, T.B. Karyotype diversity in cultivated and wild Indian rice through EMA-based chromosome analysis. J Genet 100, 81 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-021-01332-z

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