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Vertebrate Presynaptic Active Zone Assembly: a Role Accomplished by Diverse Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

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Abstract

Among all the biological systems in vertebrates, the central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex, and its function depends on specialized contacts among neurons called synapses. The assembly and organization of synapses must be exquisitely regulated for a normal brain function and network activity. There has been a tremendous effort in recent decades to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms participating in the formation of new synapses and their organization, maintenance, and regulation. At the vertebrate presynapses, proteins such as Piccolo, Bassoon, RIM, RIM-BPs, CAST/ELKS, liprin-α, and Munc13 are constant residents and participate in multiple and dynamic interactions with other regulatory proteins, which define network activity and normal brain function. Here, we review the function of these active zone (AZ) proteins and diverse factors involved in AZ assembly and maintenance, with an emphasis on axonal trafficking of precursor vesicles, protein homo- and hetero-oligomeric interactions as a mechanism of AZ trapping and stabilization, and the role of F-actin in presynaptic assembly and its modulation by Wnt signaling.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Basal Center of Excellence in Aging and Regeneration (CONICYT-PFB 12/2007) and FONDECYT (No. 1160724) to N. C. Inestrosa. V. Torres, a Research Associate of CARE. We also thank the Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile (SQM) for a special grant on “The Effects of Lithium on Health and Disease.”

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  1. Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Viviana I. Torres & Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

  2. Center for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

    Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

  3. Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile

    Nibaldo C. Inestrosa

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  1. Viviana I. Torres
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Correspondence to Nibaldo C. Inestrosa.

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Torres, V.I., Inestrosa, N.C. Vertebrate Presynaptic Active Zone Assembly: a Role Accomplished by Diverse Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 55, 4513–4528 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0661-9

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