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MicroRNA-Mediated Reprogramming of Somatic Cells into Neural Stem Cells or Neurons

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Abstract

Cellular reprogramming is a promising strategy to generate neural stem cells (NSCs) or desired subtype-specific neurons for cell-based therapeutic intervention. By far, the intricate cell event like reprogramming of non-neural cells to desired cell types can be achieved by forced expression of lineage-related transcription factors (TFs), nuclear transfer, a defined set of factors, and via non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), as well as other precisely defined conditions. In addition, scientists have been trying to develop better approaches for reprogramming, either by using distinct combinations of a set of small molecules and certain TFs or delivery of appropriate small molecules and miRNAs. The miRNA-mediated approach is fascinating because of its potential to rapidly generate a variety of therapeutically desired cell types from other cell lineages. Recent studies have made great progress in miRNA-mediated neural reprogramming of somatic cells to various specific neuronal subtypes with more efficiency even though the exact mechanisms remain to be further explored. Based on key roles of miRNAs in neural reprogramming across differentiated cell lineages, it is of vital interest to summarize the recent knowledge regarding the instructive role of miRNAs in direct conversion of somatic cells into neural lineages. This precise review mainly focuses on recent discoveries of miRNAs functions in initiating cell reprogramming and fate specification of the neuronal subtype. Moreover, we discuss most recent findings about some miRNAs’ activity in regulating various developmental stages of neurons, which is helpful for understanding the event network between miRNAs and their targets.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Sebastian Schmull for the critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 81472098, 81371411, 81571208 YG2014MS45, and YJ2014001). The authors confirm that there has been no financial support for this research that could have influenced its outcome.

Grant information

Grant sponsor: Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant numbers 81371411, 81472098, 81571208, YG2014MS45, YJ2014001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, China

    Hao Yang, Lingling Zhang, Jing An, Qian Zhang, Cuicui Liu, Baorong He & Ding-Jun Hao

  2. Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710054, China

    Baorong He & Ding-Jun Hao

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  1. Hao Yang
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Correspondence to Hao Yang, Baorong He or Ding-Jun Hao.

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Yang, H., Zhang, L., An, J. et al. MicroRNA-Mediated Reprogramming of Somatic Cells into Neural Stem Cells or Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 54, 1587–1600 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0115-9

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