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Neurochemistry of the Anterior Thalamic Nuclei

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Abstract

This paper reviews the distribution of several bioactive substances and their possible physiological roles in the anterior thalamic nuclei of various species, with a special emphasis on the rat. The anterior thalamus is a part of extended hippocampal system and its significance for learning and memory processes is well known. Although our knowledge about a specific role of this brain structure has increased in recent years considerably, this is the first attempt to summarize neurochemical diversity of the anterior thalamus. The following groups of bioactive substances are reviewed: (1) classical neurotransmitters (gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and aspartate, acetylcholine, serotonin) and their receptors, (2) calcium-binding proteins (calretinin, calbindin, parvalbumin), and (3) others (cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript, enkephalins, substance P). In order to extend our knowledge concerning exact functions of selected neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the studied brain structure, the future studies should concentrate on potential alterations in the neurochemical profile during various pathological states which affect the anterior thalamic nuclei.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by National Science Centre in Poland (postdoctoral internship program FUGA 3, grant no. DEC-2014/12/S/NZ3/00621) and by the Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Poland. The author would like to thank Magda Kuśmierczak Ph.D. for linguistic revision.

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  1. Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland

    Witold Żakowski

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  1. Witold Żakowski
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Correspondence to Witold Żakowski.

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Żakowski, W. Neurochemistry of the Anterior Thalamic Nuclei. Mol Neurobiol 54, 5248–5263 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0077-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0077-y

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