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RETRACTED ARTICLE: TGF-β Regulates Survivin to Affect Cell Cycle and the Expression of EGFR and MMP9 in Glioblastoma

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This article was retracted on 06 May 2017

Abstract

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is suggestive of a molecular target for cancer therapy due to its involvement in cell cycle, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Meanwhile, survivin is identified as an apoptosis inhibitor and involved in tumorgenesis. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential associations between TGF-β and survivin in glioblastoma U87 cell line. Survivin small interfering RNA (siRNA), Western blotting, and cell cycle analysis were introduced to detect relevant proteins in TGF-β pathways. In this study, we observed a concentration- and time-dependent increase of survivin expression after treatment with TGF-β1. However, the kinase inhibitors U0126 and LY294002 inhibited the upregulation of survivin in comparison with DMSO. In addition, survivin siRNA effectively abrogated survivin expression in U87 cells, therefore affected cells’ entry into the S phase of cell cycle, and then repressed the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in comparison with non-transfection. In conclusion, the present study shows that TGF-β upregulates survivin expression via ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway, leading to glioblastoma cell cycle progression. Thus, the blockade of survivin will allow for the treatment of glioblastoma, partially attributing to the inhibition of EGFR and MMP9 expression.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 81402926 to Dr. Wenliang Chen) and Youth Program from Guangzhou City Bureau of Education (no. 2012C204 to Dr. Wen-liang Chen). We gratefully thank other members of Sandy Lab for their critical reading of this paper and valuable suggestions.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China

    Wenliang Chen, Yi Wei, Yun Liu, Quan Yi, Genshui Zhang, Lishan He, Fajiang Chen, Yingping Liu & Jiandong Luo

  2. Department of Paediatrics, the Affiliated Xiaolan People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Zhongshan, 528415, China

    Xiao Zhong

  3. Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Jiandong Luo

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  1. Wenliang Chen
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  2. Xiao Zhong
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  4. Yun Liu
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Correspondence to Jiandong Luo.

Additional information

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher per the Committee on Publication Ethics guidelines. There is strong reason to believe that the peer review process was compromised and the authors have plagiarized parts from the following articles:

Anyan Liao, Ranran Shi, Yuliang Jiang, Suqing Tian, Panpan Li, Fuxi Song, Yalan Qu, Jinna Li, Haiqin Yun, Xiangshan Yang, SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Up-regulation of Survivin in Glioblastoma, Molecular Neurobiology, January 2016, Volume 53, Issue 1, pp 210–215, DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9006-0

Received: 1 November 2014

Peng Yang, Gang Wang, Hongjun Huo, Qiang Li, Yan Zhao, Yuanhang Liu, SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling up-regulates survivin to regulate human sacral chondrosarcoma cell cycle and epithelial–mesenchymal transition via ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway, Medical Oncology, January 2015, 32:377, DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0377-x

Received: 13 November 2014

As such, the validity of the content of this article cannot be verified

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0581-8.

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Chen, W., Zhong, X., Wei, Y. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: TGF-β Regulates Survivin to Affect Cell Cycle and the Expression of EGFR and MMP9 in Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 53, 1648–1653 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9121-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9121-6

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