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Advancements in biosensors for cancer detection: revolutionizing diagnostics

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Abstract

Cancer stands as the reigning champion of life-threatening diseases, casting a shadow with the highest global mortality rate. Unleashing the power of early cancer treatment is a vital weapon in the battle for efficient and positive outcomes. Yet, conventional screening procedures wield limitations of exorbitant costs, time-consuming endeavors, and impracticality for repeated testing. Enter bio-marker-based cancer diagnostics, which emerge as a formidable force in the realm of early detection, disease progression assessment, and ultimate cancer therapy. These remarkable devices boast a reputation for their exceptional sensitivity, streamlined setup requirements, and lightning fast response times. In this study, we embark on a captivating exploration of the most recent advancements and enhancements in the field of electrochemical marvels, targeting the detection of numerous cancer biomarkers. With each breakthrough, we inch closer to a future where cancer’s grip on humanity weakens, guided by the promise of personalized treatment and improved patient outcomes. Together, we unravel the mysteries that cancer conceals and illuminate a path toward triumph against this daunting adversary. This study celebrates the relentless pursuit of progress, where electrochemical innovations take center stage in the quest for a world free from the clutches of carcinoma.

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Fig. 1
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Fig. 3

© 2018 Elsevier B.V.)

Fig. 4

© 2020 Elsevier B.V.)

Fig. 5

(Adapted from Zouari et al. 2018 [150] under an ACS AuthorChoice License. © 2018 American Chemical Society)

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Data availability

All data is available in the script.

Abbreviations

AFP::

alpha-fetoprotein

CA125::

cancer antigen 125

CA15-3::

cancer antigen 15–3

CEA::

carcinoembryonic antigen

PSA::

prostate-specific antigen

WHO::

world health organization

EBs::

electrochemical biosensors

PCR::

polymerase chain reaction

RIA::

radioimmunoassay

ELISA::

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

HPLC::

high-performance liquid chromatography

PSA::

prostate-specific antigen

RF::

radio frequency

MW::

microwave

mmW::

millimeter wave

THz::

tetrahertz

EIS::

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

DDPpy::

DNA dendrimers and polypyrrole

ITO::

indium-tin oxide

DNA::

deoxyribonucleic acid

CV::

cyclic voltammogram

EIS::

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

GLC::

gas liquid chromatography VI

ROS::

reactive oxygen species

LPO::

lipid per oxidation

H2O2::

hydrogen peroxide

dsDNA::

double-strand DNA

ssDNA::

single-strand DNA

SPGEs::

screen-printed gold electrodes

BESs::

bio-electrochemical systems

HPLC::

high-performance liquid chromatography

GC–MS::

gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

LC–MS::

liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

AFM::

atomic force microscopy

SEM::

scanning electron microscopy

TEM::

transmission electron microscopy

US EPA::

U.S. environmental protection agency

IARC::

international agency for research on cancer

SAW::

surface acoustic wave

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, for their ardent encouragement of their current project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Zip 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Syed Khalid Mustafa

  2. Faculty of Science, Gagan College of Management & Technology, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohd. Farhan Khan

  3. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India

    Mehak Sagheer

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India

    Deepak Kumar

  5. Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India

    Sadanand Pandey

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  1. Syed Khalid Mustafa
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  4. Deepak Kumar
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Mustafa, S.K., Khan, M.F., Sagheer, M. et al. Advancements in biosensors for cancer detection: revolutionizing diagnostics. Med Oncol 41, 73 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-023-02297-y

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