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Cyclin-dependent kinases in breast cancer: expression pattern and therapeutic implications

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Abstract

Presently, breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies diagnosed and the leading cause of tumor-related deaths among women worldwide. Cell cycle dysregulation is one of the hallmarks of cancer, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are central to the cell cycle control system, and deregulation of these kinases leads to the development of malignancies, including breast cancer. CDKs and cyclins have been reported as crucial components involved in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Given the aggressive nature, tumor heterogeneity, and chemoresistance, there is an urgent need to explore novel targets and therapeutics to manage breast cancer effectively. Inhibitors targeting CDKs modulate the cell cycle, thus throwing light upon their therapeutic aspect where the progression of tumor cells could be inhibited. This article gives a comprehensive account of CDKs in breast cancer progression and metastasis and recent developments in the modulation of CDKs in treating malignancies. We have also explored the expression pattern and prognostic significance of CDKs in breast cancer patients. The article will also shed light on the Implications of CDK inhibition and TGF-β signaling in breast cancer.

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Abbreviations

BC:

Breast cancer

Lum A:

Luminal A

HER2+ :

Human epidermal growth factor-2

Lum B:

Luminal B

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

OS:

Overall survival

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Jammu Kashmir Science Technology and Innovation Council (JKST&IC), Department of Science and Technology, Govt of J&K.

Funding

The work was supported by Research Grant sanctioned to Manzoor Ahmad Mir by Jammu Kashmir Science Technology and Innovation Council (JKST&IC), Department of Science and Technology, Govt of J&K vide Grant NO. JKST&IC/SRE/885-87. The authors would also like to thank Almaarefa University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for providing support (TUMA-2021-1) to this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India

    Shazia Sofi, Umar Mehraj, Hina Qayoom, Shariqa Aisha & Manzoor A. Mir

  2. Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Syed Mohammad Basheeruddin Asdaq

  3. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, 65511, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah Almilaibary

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  1. Shazia Sofi
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  2. Umar Mehraj
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  3. Hina Qayoom
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  4. Shariqa Aisha
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  5. Syed Mohammad Basheeruddin Asdaq
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  6. Abdullah Almilaibary
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  7. Manzoor A. Mir
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Contributions

MAM initiated the study and designed the plan. SS wrote the manuscript and designed the figures and tables. UM, SA, HQ, AA, SMBA & MAM revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Manzoor A. Mir.

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Sofi, S., Mehraj, U., Qayoom, H. et al. Cyclin-dependent kinases in breast cancer: expression pattern and therapeutic implications. Med Oncol 39, 106 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-022-01731-x

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