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Evaluation of a New Catheter for Simultaneous Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage: A Pilot Study

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Abstract

Objectives

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is a common practice when treating intracranial pathology with risk of elevated ICP. External ventricular drain (EVD) insertion is a standard approach for both monitoring ICP and draining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, the conventional EVD cannot serve these two purposes simultaneously because it cannot accurately measure ICP and its pulsatile waveform while the EVD is open to CSF drainage. A new Integra® Camino® FLEX Ventricular Catheter (Integra Lifesciences, County Offaly, Ireland) with a double-lumen construction has been recently introduced into the market, and it can monitor ICP waveforms even during CSF drainage. The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate this new FLEX catheter for ICP monitoring in a neurological intensive care unit.

Methods

Six patients with 34 EVD open/close episodes were retrospectively analyzed. Continuous ICP was detected in two ways: through the FLEX sensor at the tip (ICPf) and through a fluid-coupled manometer within the FLEX catheter, functioning as a conventional EVD (ICPe). The morphologies of ICPf and ICPe pulses were extracted using Morphological Clustering and Analysis of ICP algorithm, an algorithm that has been validated in previous publications. The mean ICP and waveform shapes of ICP pulses detected through the two systems were compared. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the agreement of the two systems.

Results

A significant linear relationship existed between mean ICPf and mean ICPe, which can be described as: mICPf = 0.81 × mICPe + 1.67 (r = 0.79). The Bland–Altman plot revealed that no significant difference existed between the two ICPs (average of [ICPe–ICPf] was − 1.69 mmHg, 95% limits of agreement: − 7.94 to 4.56 mmHg). The amplitudes of the landmarks of ICP pulse waveforms from the two systems showed strong, linear relationship (r ranging from 0.89 to 0.94).

Conclusions

This study compared a new FLEX ventricular catheter with conventional fluid-coupled manometer for ICP waveform monitoring. Strong concordance in ICP value and waveform morphology between the two systems indicates that this catheter can be used for reliability for both clinical and research applications.

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Funding

This work was partially supported by the UCSF Middle Career Scientist Award, UCSF Institute for Computational Health Sciences, and National Institutes of Health Awards R01NS076738 and NS106905-01A1.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Xiuyun Liu, Nhi Ho & Xiao Hu

  2. Department of Neurology Surgery, University of California, Davis, USA

    Lara L. Zimmermann

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

    Paul Vespa & Xiao Hu

  4. Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biological Medicine Detection Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoling Liao

  5. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA

    Xiao Hu

  6. Institute of Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA

    Xiao Hu

Authors
  1. Xiuyun Liu
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  2. Lara L. Zimmermann
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  3. Nhi Ho
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  4. Paul Vespa
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  5. Xiaoling Liao
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  6. Xiao Hu
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Contributions

The concept and study design were formed by XH, XYL, PV, LZ, and XLL. Data acquisition was conducted by PV, NH, and LZ. Data analysis was conducted by XYL, NH, XLL, and XH. Drafting of the manuscript and figures was contributed by XYL, XH, LZ, PV, NH, and XLL.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiuyun Liu.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval and Informed consent

The institutional review board (IRB) approved the data analysis and waived the need for consenting patients because of the retrospective nature of the study.

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Liu, X., Zimmermann, L.L., Ho, N. et al. Evaluation of a New Catheter for Simultaneous Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and Cerebral Spinal Fluid Drainage: A Pilot Study. Neurocrit Care 30, 617–625 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-018-0648-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-018-0648-z

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