References
Roux G, Marchal G, Loubatières R. (1955) Phéochromocytome surrénalien latent révélé par un syndrome d’hypercorticisme. Mem Acad Chir (Paris) 81:847–852.
Alexandraki KI, Grossman AB. (2010) The ectopic ACTH syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Dis 11:117–126.
Ilias I, Torpy DJ, Pacák K, Mullen N, Wesley R, Nieman LK. (2005) Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic corticotropin secretion: twenty years’ experience at the National Institutes of Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:4955–4962.
Chen H, Doppman JL, Chrousos GP, Norton JA, Nieman LK, Udelsman R. (1995) Adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pheochromocytomas: the exception to the rule. Surgery 118:988–995.
Ivanova RS, Dashev GI. (1990) Neuroendocrine features of adrenal pheochromocytoma. Histological and immunocytochemical evaluation. Neoplasma 37:219–224.
White A, Ray DW, Talbot A, Abraham P, Thody AJ, Bevan JS. (2001) Cushing’s syndrome due to phaechromocytoma secreting the precursors of adrenocorticotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:4771–4775.
Khalil WKA, Vadasz J, Rigo E, Kardos L, Tiszalavicz L, Gaspar L. (1999) Pheochromocytoma combined with unusual form of Cushing’s syndrome and pituitary microadenoma. Eur J Endocrinol 141:653–654.
Eng PHK, Tan LHC, Wong KS, Cheng CWS, Fok ACK, Khoo DHC. (1999) Cushing’s syndrome in a patient with a corticotropin-releasing hormone-producing pheochromocytoma. Endocr Pract 5:84–87.
Pecori-Giraldi F. (2009) Recent challenges in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. Horm Res 71 (suppl.1):123–127.
Andrioli M, Pecori Giraldi F, De Martin M, Cattaneo A, Carzaniga C, Cavagnini F. (2009) Differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism: imaging versus laboratory. Pituitary 12:294–296.
Doppman JL, Nieman LK, Miller DL et al. (1989) Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome: localization studies in 28 patients. Radiology 172:115–124.
Ejaz S, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Busaldy NL et al. (2011) Cushing syndrome secondary to ectopic adrencorticotropic hormone secretion. Cancer 117:4381–4389.
Pecori Giraldi F, Cavagnini F. (1998) Corticotropin-releasing hormone is produced by rat corticotropes and modulates ACTH secretion in a paracrine/autocrine fashion. J Clin Invest 101:2478–2484.
Pecori Giraldi F, Marini E, Torchiana E, Mortini P, Dubini A, Cavagnini F. (2003) Corticotrophin-releasing activity of desmopressin in Cushing’s disease. Lack of correlation between in vivo and in vitro responsiveness. J Endocrinol 177:373–379.
Pecori Giraldi F, Pagliardini L, Cassarino MF, Losa M, Lasio G, Cavagnini F. (2011) Responses to CRH and dexamethasone in a large series of human ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas in vitro reveal manifold corticotroph tumoural phenotypes. J Neuroendocrinol 23:1214–1221.
Wajchenberg BL, Bilharinho de Mendonça B, Liberman B et al. (1994) Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome. Endocrine Rev 15:752–787.
Hartmann CA, Gross U, Stein H. (1992) Cushing syndrome-associated pheochromocytoma and adrenal carcinoma. An immunohistological investigation. Pathol Res Pract 188:287–295.
Jessop DS, Cunnah D, Millar JGB et al. (1987) A phaeochromocytoma presenting with Cushing’s syndrome associated with increased concentrations of circulating corticotrophin-releasing factor. J Endocrinol 113:133–138.
Bayraktar F, Kebapcilar L, Kocdor MA et al. (2006) Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic CRH secretion by adrenal pheochromocytoma accompanied by renal infarction. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 114:444–447.
Ruggeri RM, Ferraù F, Campenni A et al. (2008) Immunohistochemical localization and functional characterization of somatostatin receptor subtypes in a CRH-secreting adrenal pheochromocytoma: review of the literature and report of a case. Eur J Histochem 53:1–6.
Pecori Giraldi F, Terreni MR, Andreotti C et al. (2003) Meningioma presenting with Cushing’s syndrome: an unusual clinical presentation. Ann Neurol 53:138–142.
Asa SL, Kovacs K, Vale WW, Petrusz P, Vecsei P. (1987) Immunohistologic localization of corticotrophin-releasing hormone in human tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 87:327–333.
Otsuka F, Miyoshi T, Murakami K et al. (2005) An extra-adrenal abdominal pheochromocytoma causing ectopic ACTH syndrome. Am J Hypertens 18:1364–1368.
Suda T, Tomori N, Tozawa F et al. (1984) Immunoreactive corticotropin and corticotropin-releasing factor in human hypothalamus, adrenal, lung cancer, and pheochromocytoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 58:919–924.
Wakabayashi I, Ihara T, Hattori M, Tonegawa Y, Shibasaki T, Hashimoto K. (1985) Presence of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in human tumors. Cancer 55:995–1000.
Vrezas I, Willenberg HS, Mansmann G, Hiroi N, Fritzen R, Bornstein SR. (2003) Ectopic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) production in the adrenal gland: basic and clinical aspects. Microsc Res Tech 61:308–314.
Hale AC, Besser GM, Rees LH. (1986) Characterization of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides in pituitary and ectopic adrenocorticotrophin-secreting tumours. J Endocrinol 108:49–56.
Orth DN, Nicholson WE, Mitchell WM, Island DP, Liddle GW. (1973) Biologic and immunologic characterization and physical separation of ACTH and ACTH fragments in the ectopic ACTH syndrome. J Clin Invest 52:1756–1769.
Coates PJH, Doniach I, Howlett TA, Rees LH, Besser GM. (1986) An immunocytochemical study of 18 tumors causing ectopic Cushing’s syndrome. J Clin Pathol 39:955–960.
Heitz PU, Klöppel G, Polak JM, Staub JJ. (1981) Ectopic hormone production by endocrine tumors. Cancer 48:2029–2037.
Gaspar L, Chan JSD, Seidah NG, Chrétien M. (1989) Peptides related to the N-terminus of pro-opiomelanocortin in the human adrenal medulla. Clin Invest Med 12:90–98.
Imura H, Matsukura S, Yamamoto H et al. (1973) Studies on ectopic ACTH-producing tumors. Cancer 55:1430–1437.
Mendonça BB, Arnhold IJP, Nicolau W, Avancini VA, Boise W. (1988) Cushing’s syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion by bilateral pheochromocytomas in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. N Engl J Med 319:1610–1611.
DeBold RC, Menefee JK, Nicholson WE, Orth DN. (1988) Proopiomelanocortin gene is expressed in many normal tissues and tumors not associated with ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome. Mol Endocrinol 2:862–870.
De Keyzer Y, Rousseau-Merck MF, Luton JP, Girard F, Kahn A, Bertagna X. (1989) Pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression in human pheochromocytomas. J Mol Endocrinol 2:175–181.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cassarino, M.F., Ambrogio, A.G., Pagliardini, L. et al. ACTH-Secreting Pheochromocytoma with False-Negative ACTH Immunohistochemistry. Endocr Pathol 23, 191–195 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-012-9212-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-012-9212-0