Abstract
Erythrocytes l-arginine uptake is conveyed by y+ and y+L membrane transport systems. Pre-incubation with N-ethylmaleimide for 10 min at 37°C inhibits the y+ system. The aim of this study was to determine the ideal pre-incubation temperature in evaluating y+ and y+L systems. Cells were pre-incubated with or without N-ethylmaleimide for 10 min at 4°C and 37°C. l-Arginine uptake was quantified by radioisotope and standard erythrocytes membrane flux methodology. Results demonstrate that erythrocytes l-arginine content is depleted by pre-incubation at 37°C for 10 min, thus changing the V max measurement. The inhibitory effect of N-ethylmaleimide pre-incubation was temperature independent and already complete after 1 min of incubation. No significant difference in kinetic parameters was detected between cells pre-incubated at 37°C or 4°C, under zero-trans conditions. In conclusion, we suggest that measurement of erythrocytes l-arginine uptake by y+ and y+L systems could be carried out without N-ethylmaleimide pre-incubation at 37°C.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Palacín, M., Estévez, R., Bertran, J., & Zorzano, A. (1998). Molecular biology of mammalian plasma membrane amino acid transporters. Physiological Reviews, 78(4), 969–1054.
Galão, A. O., Pinheiro da Costa, B. E., d’Avila, D. O. L., & Poli de Figueiredo, C. E. (2004). l-Arginine erythrocyte transport increases during pregnancy and immediately postpartum. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 191, 572–575.
Furesz, T. C., Moe, A. J., & Smith, C. H. (1991). Two cationic amino acid transport systems in human placental basal plasma membranes. American Journal of Physiology, 261, C246–C252.
Devés, R., & Boyd, C. A. R. (1998). Transporters for cationic amino acids in animal cells: Discovery, structure and function. Physiological Reviews, 78(2), 487–545.
Almeida, P. B., Pinheiro da Costa, B. E., Figueiredo, A. E., Conti, A., Alves, S. L., d’Avila, D. O., et al. (2007). Erythrocyte l-arginine uptake in peritoneal dialysis patients changes over time. Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, 23, 48–50.
Figueiredo, A. E., Almeida, P. B., Pinheiro da Costa, B. E., d’Avila, D. O., & Poli de Figueiredo, C. E. (2005). Erythrocyte l-arginine uptake in peritoneal dialysis patients: Systems y+ and y+L. Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis, 21, 2–4.
Oliveira, R. M., Pinheiro da Costa, B. E., Fervenza, F. C., Wagner, M., d’Avila, D. O., & Poli de Figueiredo, C. E. (2005). Effect of radiocontrasts on selected membrane transport systems. Renal Failure, 27, 727–732.
Poli de Figueiredo, C. E., Ellory, J. C., & Hendry, B. M. (1992). Erythrocyte choline uptake after renal transplantation. Lancet, 339, 146–148.
Fervenza, F. C., Meredith, D., Ellory, J. C., & Hendry, B. M. (1990). A study of the membrane transport of aminoacids in erythrocytes from patients on haemodialysis. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 5, 594–599.
Welt, L. G., Sachs, J. R., & McManus, T. J. (1964). An ion transport defect in erythrocytes from uremic patients. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 77, 169–181.
Valle, A. E., Paz, J. C., Sánchez-Jimenez, F., & Medina, M. A. (2001). Agmatine uptake by cultured hamster kidney cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 280, 307–311.
Pinheiro da Costa, B., Steibel, J. P., Antonello, I. C., Guimarães, J. A., & Poli de Figueiredo, C. E. (2004). l-Arginine erythrocyte transport in normal pregnant and preeclamptic women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 190, 468–471.
Speak, P. F., Glazier, J. D., Ayuk, P. T., Reade, M., Sibley, C. P., & D’ Souza, S. W. (2003). l-Arginine transport across the basal plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 88(9), 4287–4292.
Rubython, J., & Morgan, D. B. (1983). The effect of pregnancy induced hypertension on active sodium transport in the erythrocyte. Clinica Chimica Acta, 132, 91–99.
Moncada, S., Palmer, R. M., & Higgs, E. A. (1991). Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacological Reviews, 43(2), 109–142.
Palmer, R. M., Ashton, D. S., & Moncada, S. (1988). Vascular endothelial cells synthesis nitric oxide from l-arginine. Nature, 333, 664–666.
Christensen, H. N., & Antonioli, J. A. (1969). Cationic amino acid transport in the rabbit reticulocyte. Na+-dependent inhibition of Na+-independent transport. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 244, 1497–1504.
Devés, R., Chavez, P., & Boyd, C. A. R. (1992). Identification of a new transport system (y+L) in human erythrocytes that recognizes lysine and leucine with high affinity. Journal of Physiology, 454, 491–501.
Boyd, C. A. R., & Crawford, D. H. (1992). Activation of cationic amino acid transport through system y+ correlates with expression of the T-cell early antigen gene in human lymphocytes. Pflürgers Archiv, 422, 87–89.
Christensen, H. N. (1990). Role of amino acid transport and countertransport in nutrition and metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 70(1), 43–77.
Closs, E. I., Basha, F. Z., Habermeier, A., & Föstermann, U. (1997). Interference of l-arginine analogues with l-arginine transport mediated by the y+ carrier hCAT-2B. Nitric Oxide, 1(1), 65–73.
McDonald, K. K., Rouhani, R., Handlogten, M. E., Block, E. R., Griffith, O. W., Allison, R. D., et al. (1997). Inhibition of endothelial cell amino acid transport system y+ by arginine analogs that inhibit nitric oxide synthase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1324, 133–141.
Ribeiro, A. C. M., Hanssen, H., Kiessling, K., Roberts, N. B., Mann, G. E., & Ellory, J. C. (1997). Transport of l-arginine and the nitric oxide inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine in human erythrocytes in chronic renal failure. Clinical Science, 93, 57–64.
Devés, R., Angelo, S., & Chávez, P. (1993). N-ethylmaleimide discriminates between two lysine transport systems in human erythrocytes. Journal of Physiology, 468, 753–766.
Ribeiro, A. C. M., Roberts, N. B., Lane, C., Yaqoob, M., & Ellory, J. C. (1996). Accumulation of the endogenous l-arginine analogue NG-monomethyl-l-arginine in human end-stage renal failure patients on regular haemodialysis. Experimental Physiology, 81, 475–481.
Forray, M. I., Angelo, S., Boyd, C. A. R., & Déves, R. (1995). Transport of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors through cationic amino acid carriers in human erythrocytes. Biochemical Pharmacology, 50(12), 1963–1968.
Stein, W. D. (1990). Carrier-mediated transport: Facilitated diffusion. In W. D. Stein (Ed.), Channels, carriers and pumps, an introduction to membrane transport (pp. 127–171). San Diego, CA: Academic.
Young, J., & Ellory, J. C. (1982). Flux measurements. In J. C. Ellory & J. D. Young (Eds.), Red cell membranes. A methodological approach (pp. 119–133). New York, NY: Academic.
Ribeiro, A. C. M., Brunini, T. M. C., Yaqoob, M., Aronson, J. K., Mann, G. E., & Ellory, J. C. (1999). Identification of system y+L as the high-affinity transporter for l-arginine in human platelets: Up-regulation of l-arginine influx in uremia. Pflügers Archiv, 438, 573–575.
Fervenza, F. C., Harvey, C. M., Hendry, B. M., & Ellory, J. C. (1989). Increased lysine transport capacity in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure. Clinical Science, 76, 419–422.
Fervenza, F. C., Meredith, D., Ellory, J. C., & Hendry, B. M. (1991). Abnormal erythrocyte choline transport in patients with chronic renal failure. Clinical Science, 80, 137–141.
Pinheiro da Costa, B. E., Scocco, C., Poli de Figueiredo, C. E., & Guimarães, J. A. (2006). Increased serum phosphodiesterase activity in women with pre-eclampsia. BJOG, 113, 577–579.
Tsikas, D., Boger, R. H., Sandmann, J., Bode-Boger, S. M., & Frolich, F. C. (2000). Endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors are responsible for the l-arginine paradox. FEBS Letters, 478(1–2), 1–3.
Kronon, M. T., Allen, B. S., Halldorsson, A., Rahman, S., Wang, T., & Ilbawi, M. (1999). Dose dependency of l-arginine in neonatal myocardial protection: The nitric oxide paradox. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 118(4), 655–664.
McDonald, K. K., Zharikov, S., Block, E. R., & Kilberg, M. S. (1997). A caveolar complex between the cationic amino acid transporter 1 and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase may explain the “arginine paradox”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272(50), 31213–31216.
Poli de Figueiredo, C. E., Pinheiro da Costa, B. E., Comerlato, L., Micheli, E., & Barros, E. (2001). Low dose l-arginine reduces blood pressure and endothelin-1 production in hypertensive uraemic rats. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 16, 2110–2111.
Acknowledgments
We thank the São Lucas Hospital Blood Bank for providing human blood samples, and Dr Célia Carlini for critical review of the manuscript. The Nephrology Laboratory has the support of Secretaria de Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SCT-RS), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and PUCRS, Brazil. Poli-de-Figueiredo is a CNPq researcher.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pinheiro da Costa, B.E., de Almeida, P.B., Conceição, I.R. et al. Erythrocytes l-Arginine y+ Transporter Inhibition by N-Ethylmaleimide in Ice-bath. Cell Biochem Biophys 58, 69–73 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-010-9089-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-010-9089-9