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Evaluating the Role of lncRNAs in the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients

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Abstract

Hair loss occurs in patients with Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA). The pattern of hair loss is different between men and women. The main cause of hair loss is increased cell apoptosis and decreased regeneration, proliferation and differentiation processes in hair follicles. Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one of the most important molecules that regulate the processes of apoptosis, regeneration, proliferation and differentiation in hair follicles. Since studies have shown that lncRNAs can be effective in the development of cardiotoxicity and induction of cardiovascular disease (CVD); so effective lncRNAs in the regulation of regeneration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of hair follicles can be involved in the development of CVD in AGA patients with. Therefore, this study investigated the lncRNAs involved in increasing apoptosis and reducing the processes of regeneration, proliferation and differentiation of hair follicles. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of lncRNAs as a risk factor in the incidence of CVD in AGA patients; it will help to design treatment strategies by targeting signaling pathways without any cardiotoxicity complications.

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Data Availability

This is a review study, and it is not an original. Data availability is corresponding author responsibility.

Abbreviations

AGA:

Androgenetic alopecia

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

lncRNA:

Long non-coding RNA

CeRNA:

Competing RNA

miR:

MicroRNA

CRP:

C-reactive protein

MI:

Myocardial infraction

MI/R:

Myocardial ischemia reperfusion

EC:

Endothelial cell

POCS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

RUNX:

Runt-related transcription factor 2

TGF:

Transforming growth factor beta 1

PCAT1:

Prostate cancer-associated transcript 1

MALAT1:

Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1

MEG:

Maternally expressed gene 3

AZIN2:

Antizyme inhibitor 2

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

GAS5:

Growth arrest-specific 5

CELF2:

CUGBp elva-like family 2

PI3K:

Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase

NLRP3:

NLR family pyrin domain containing 3

VAMC:

Vascular smooth muscle cell

HDAC4:

Histone deacetylase 4

Sirt1:

Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

MEF2C:

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 C

XIST:

X-inactive-specific transcript

SOCS-1:

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor 1

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

HOTAIR:

HOX transcript anti-sense RNA

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

NF-Kβ:

Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B-cell

NEAT1:

Nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

GSK3β:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta

CDKN3:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3

JNK:

C-Jun N-terminal kinase

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

SNH:

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 3

TUG1:

Taurine upregulated gene 1

JAK:

Janus kinase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

FOXO:

Forkhead/winged-helix-box class O

PVT1:

Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

CAR10:

Chromatin-associated RNA intergenic 10

S1PR2:

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2

Sema3A:

Semaphorin 3A

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related 2

IER3:

Immediate early response gene 3

FBX:

F-box-only protein

RANKL:

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

NO:

Nitric oxide

BIRC3:

Baculoviral IAP repeat protein-3

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

SOX2:

Sex determining region Y box-2

HMGB1:

High mobility group box 1

MEK1,2:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases ½

EZH2:

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2

TCF4:

Transcription factor 4

GPX4:

Glutathione peroxidase 4

PKC:

Protein kinase C

ZEB1:

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox1

TLR4:

Toll-like receptor 4

Myd88:

Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88

SLC7:

Solute carrier family 7

hCAT1:

Human cationic amino acid transporter

PPAR-γ:

Peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor

WISP2:

WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2

HOXA:

Homeobox A

HANDS-AS1:

Heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 anti-sense RNA 1

UCA1:

Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1

BAX:

BCL2-associated X protein

BCL2:

B-cell lymphoma 2

ALDH2:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2

CASC2:

Cancer susceptibility gene 2

BDNF1:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

MCP1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1

SDF1:

Stromal cell-derived factor 1

C-X-C:

CXC motif chemokine

AngII:

Angiotensin II

SREBP-1:

Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1

OIP5-AS1:

Opa-interacting protein 5 anti-sense RNA 1

XIAP:

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein

eIF2:

Eukaryotic initiation factor 2

SOS1:

Son of seven less homolog 1

DSCR8:

Down syndrome critical region 8

PART1:

Prostate androgen regulated transcript 1

UBE2N:

Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2N

HIF1α:

Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha

MIAT:

Myocardial infraction associated transcript

NFAT:

Nuclear factor of activated T cells

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank all our colleagues in IRAN University of Medical Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Sattarkhan St, Tehran, 1445613131, Iran

    Masoumeh Roohaninasab

  2. Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Shadnaz fakhteh yavari

  3. Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran

    Shadnaz fakhteh yavari

  4. Department of Dermatology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Motahareh Babazadeh

  5. Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran

    Rozita Adldoosti Hagh

  6. Department of Cardiology, Rasoul Akram General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahboubeh Pazoki

  7. High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran

    Mehran Amrovani

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  1. Masoumeh Roohaninasab
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MA and MP has conceived the manuscript and revised it. SFY and MR wrote the manuscript. MB and RA design the Table and Figure.

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Correspondence to Mahboubeh Pazoki or Mehran Amrovani.

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Roohaninasab, M., yavari, S.f., Babazadeh, M. et al. Evaluating the Role of lncRNAs in the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Androgenetic Alopecia Patients. Cardiovasc Toxicol 22, 603–619 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-022-09742-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-022-09742-w

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